The Management of Infectious Pulmonary Processes in the Emergency Department: Pneumonia

Overview

Journal Physician Assist Clin

Date 2022 Nov 30

PMID 36448036

Authors

Kasey Dillon

Betsy Garnick

Meghan Fortier

Belinda Felicia

Alison Fulton

Courtney Dumont

Brooke Dorval

Katherine Gardella

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Pneumonia is a common diagnosis encountered by emergency medicine providers. It is crucial that an accurate and timely diagnosis is established in order to appropriately manage each patient. Following the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, the frequency of patient visits to the emergency department for symptoms consistent with pneumonia have increased and overwhelmed virtually all hospital systems. The rapid identification of COVID-19 patients is imperative for patient care and to these hospital systems experiencing the pandemic. Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia continues to be prevalent and clinical decision-making tools are useful aids to assist the appropriate disposition of patients.

Citing Articles

Comment on: Community-acquired pneumonia: a US perspective on the guideline gap.

Llor C J Antimicrob Chemother. 2024; 79(8):2079.

PMID: 38959332 PMC: 11290875. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae201.

Impacts of environmental factors on the aetiological diagnosis and disease severity of community-acquired pneumonia in China: a multicentre, hospital-based, observational study.

Zhang Y, Li J, Wu C, Xiao Y, Wang X, Wang Y Epidemiol Infect. 2024; 152:e80.

PMID: 38721832 PMC: 11131030. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000700.

References

Li Z, Lu G, Meng G . Pathogenic Fungal Infection in the Lung. Front Immunol. 2019; 10:1524. PMC: 6616198. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01524. View

Karimi E . Comparing Sensitivity of Ultrasonography and Plain Chest Radiography in Detection of Pneumonia; a Diagnostic Value Study. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2019; 7(1):e8. PMC: 6377225. View

Thompson M, Natarajan K, Irving S, Rowley E, Griggs E, Gaglani M . Effectiveness of a Third Dose of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance - VISION Network, 10 States, August.... MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022; 71(4):139-145. PMC: 9351525. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e3. View

Martin-Loeches I, Torres A . New guidelines for severe community-acquired pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2021; 27(3):210-215. DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000760. View

Metlay J, Waterer G, Long A, Anzueto A, Brozek J, Crothers K . Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019; 200(7):e45-e67. PMC: 6812437. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1581ST. View

Schalekamp S, Bleeker-Rovers C, Beenen L, Quarles van Ufford H, Gietema H, Stoger J . Chest CT in the Emergency Department for Diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia: Dutch Experience. Radiology. 2020; 298(2):E98-E106. PMC: 7676748. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020203465. View

Khan A, Farooq F, Jain S, Golinska P, Rai M . Comparative Host-Pathogen Interaction Analyses of SARS-CoV2 and Aspergillus fumigatus, and Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Aspergillosis. Microb Ecol. 2021; 84(4):1236-1244. PMC: 8568490. DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01913-6. View

Pantazopoulos I, Tsikrika S, Kolokytha S, Manos E, Porpodis K . Management of COVID-19 Patients in the Emergency Department. J Pers Med. 2021; 11(10). PMC: 8537207. DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100961. View

He X, Lau E, Wu P, Deng X, Wang J, Hao X . Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020; 26(5):672-675. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5. View

10.

Ruuskanen O, Lahti E, Jennings L, Murdoch D . Viral pneumonia. Lancet. 2011; 377(9773):1264-75. PMC: 7138033. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61459-6. View

11.

Pagliano P, Sellitto C, Conti V, Ascione T, Esposito S . Characteristics of viral pneumonia in the COVID-19 era: an update. Infection. 2021; 49(4):607-616. PMC: 8006879. DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01603-y. View

12.

Arastehfar A, Gabaldon T, Garcia-Rubio R, Jenks J, Hoenigl M, Salzer H . Drug-Resistant Fungi: An Emerging Challenge Threatening Our Limited Antifungal Armamentarium. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020; 9(12). PMC: 7764418. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120877. View

13.

Ahn J, An S, Sohn Y, Cho Y, Hyun J, Baek Y . Environmental contamination in the isolation rooms of COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation or high-flow oxygen therapy. J Hosp Infect. 2020; 106(3):570-576. PMC: 7441047. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.014. View

14.

Woolfrey K . Pneumonia in adults: the practical emergency department perspective. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2012; 30(2):249-70, vii. PMC: 7125949. DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2011.12.002. View

15.

Kosmidis C, Denning D . The clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis. Thorax. 2014; 70(3):270-7. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206291. View

16.

Jones T, Biele G, Muhlemann B, Veith T, Schneider J, Beheim-Schwarzbach J . Estimating infectiousness throughout SARS-CoV-2 infection course. Science. 2021; 373(6551). PMC: 9267347. DOI: 10.1126/science.abi5273. View

17.

Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, Liang L, Huang H, Hong Z . SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(12):1177-1179. PMC: 7121626. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2001737. View

18.

Guarnera A, Podda P, Santini E, Paolantonio P, Laghi A . Differential diagnoses of COVID-19 pneumonia: the current challenge for the radiologist-a pictorial essay. Insights Imaging. 2021; 12(1):34. PMC: 7948690. DOI: 10.1186/s13244-021-00967-x. View

19.

Ng T, Ong S, Loo A, Tan S, Tay H, Yap M . Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia: Who and When?. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022; 11(2). PMC: 8868256. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020184. View

20.

So W, Simon M, Choi J, Wang T, Williams S, Chua J . Characteristics of procalcitonin in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and clinical outcomes of antibiotic use stratified by procalcitonin levels. Intern Emerg Med. 2022; 17(5):1405-1412. PMC: 8916484. DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-02955-5. View