Eight Months of Serological Follow-Up of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in France: A Study Among an Adult Population

Overview

Journal Int J Environ Res Public Health

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Environmental Health
Public Health

Date 2022 Nov 26

PMID 36429974

Authors

Dorine Decarreaux

Julie Sevila

Shirley Masse

Lisandru Capai

Toscane Fourie

Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel

Abdennour Amroun

Elif Nurtop

Matthieu Vareille

Thierry Blanchon

Xavier de Lamballerie

Remi Charrel

Alessandra Falchi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Uncertainties remain regarding the nature and durability of the humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Aim: This study investigated immunoglobulin G response and neutralizing activity to evaluate the mean antibody concentrations and response duration induced by each vaccination regimen in a French adult population.

Methods: A study including blood sampling and questionnaires was carried out from November 2020 to July 2021 with three separate follow-up phases. Spike proteins and neutralizing antibodies were quantified using ELISA and a virus-neutralization test.

Results: Overall, 295 participants were included. Seroprevalences were 11.5% (n = 34), 10.5% (n = 31), and 68.1% (n = 201) in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Importantly, 5.8% (n = 17) of participants lost their natural antibodies. Antibody response of participants with only a prior infection was 88.2 BAU/mL, significantly lower than those vaccinated, which was 1909.3 BAU/mL ( = 0.04). Moreover, the antibody response of vaccinated participants with a prior infection was higher (3593.8 BAU/mL) than those vaccinated without prior infection (3402.9 BAU/mL) ( = 0.78). Vaccinated participants with or without prior infection had a higher seroneutralization rate (91.0%) than those unvaccinated with prior infection (65.0%).

Conclusion: These results demonstrated that single infection does not confer effective protection against SARS-CoV-2.

References

Ren L, Fan G, Wu W, Guo L, Wang Y, Li X . Antibody Responses and Clinical Outcomes in Adults Hospitalized With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Post hoc Analysis of LOTUS China Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 72(10):e545-e551. PMC: 7499517. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1247. View

Gudbjartsson D, Norddahl G, Melsted P, Gunnarsdottir K, Holm H, Eythorsson E . Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383(18):1724-1734. PMC: 7494247. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2026116. View

Perkmann T, Perkmann-Nagele N, Koller T, Mucher P, Radakovics A, Marculescu R . Anti-Spike Protein Assays to Determine SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels: a Head-to-Head Comparison of Five Quantitative Assays. Microbiol Spectr. 2021; 9(1):e0024721. PMC: 8552734. DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.00247-21. View

Long Q, Tang X, Shi Q, Li Q, Deng H, Yuan J . Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat Med. 2020; 26(8):1200-1204. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0965-6. View

Ward H, Whitaker M, Flower B, Tang S, Atchison C, Darzi A . Population antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination in 212,102 individuals. Nat Commun. 2022; 13(1):907. PMC: 8850615. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28527-x. View

Dagan N, Barda N, Kepten E, Miron O, Perchik S, Katz M . BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting. N Engl J Med. 2021; 384(15):1412-1423. PMC: 7944975. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2101765. View

Seow J, Graham C, Merrick B, Acors S, Pickering S, Steel K . Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. Nat Microbiol. 2020; 5(12):1598-1607. PMC: 7610833. DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00813-8. View

Ren L, Wang Y, Wu Z, Xiang Z, Guo L, Xu T . Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020; 133(9):1015-1024. PMC: 7147275. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000722. View

He Z, Ren L, Yang J, Guo L, Feng L, Ma C . Seroprevalence and humoral immune durability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Wuhan, China: a longitudinal, population-level, cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2021; 397(10279):1075-1084. PMC: 7972311. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00238-5. View

10.

Chahla R, Tomas-Grau R, Cazorla S, Ploper D, Pingitore E, Lopez M . Long-term analysis of antibodies elicited by SPUTNIK V: A prospective cohort study in Tucumán, Argentina. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2021; 6:100123. PMC: 8604626. DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100123. View

11.

Baden L, El Sahly H, Essink B, Kotloff K, Frey S, Novak R . Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020; 384(5):403-416. PMC: 7787219. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2035389. View

12.

Krammer F, Srivastava K, Alshammary H, Amoako A, Awawda M, Beach K . Antibody Responses in Seropositive Persons after a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2021; 384(14):1372-1374. PMC: 8008743. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2101667. View

13.

Chodick G, Tene L, Rotem R, Patalon T, Gazit S, Ben-Tov A . The Effectiveness of the Two-Dose BNT162b2 Vaccine: Analysis of Real-World Data. Clin Infect Dis. 2021; 74(3):472-478. PMC: 8240867. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab438. View

14.

Iyer A, Jones F, Nodoushani A, Kelly M, Becker M, Slater D . Persistence and decay of human antibody responses to the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in COVID-19 patients. Sci Immunol. 2020; 5(52). PMC: 7857394. DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe0367. View

15.

Earle K, Ambrosino D, Fiore-Gartland A, Goldblatt D, B Gilbert P, Siber G . Evidence for antibody as a protective correlate for COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine. 2021; 39(32):4423-4428. PMC: 8142841. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.063. View

16.

Ibarrondo F, Fulcher J, Goodman-Meza D, Elliott J, Hofmann C, Hausner M . Rapid Decay of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Persons with Mild Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383(11):1085-1087. PMC: 7397184. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2025179. View

17.

Robbiani D, Gaebler C, Muecksch F, Lorenzi J, Wang Z, Cho A . Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals. Nature. 2020; 584(7821):437-442. PMC: 7442695. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2456-9. View

18.

Anderson M, Stec M, Rewane A, Landay A, Cloherty G, Moy J . SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in Infection-Naive or Previously Infected Individuals After 1 and 2 Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine. JAMA Netw Open. 2021; 4(8):e2119741. PMC: 8346938. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19741. View

19.

Goel R, Painter M, Apostolidis S, Mathew D, Meng W, Rosenfeld A . mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Science. 2021; 374(6572):abm0829. PMC: 9284784. DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0829. View

20.

Dou X, Wang E, Jiang R, Li M, Xiong D, Sun B . Longitudinal profile of neutralizing and binding antibodies in vaccinated and convalescent COVID-19 cohorts by chemiluminescent immunoassays. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2022; 10(6):e612. PMC: 9119006. DOI: 10.1002/iid3.612. View