The Dynamic Interplay of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors for Cardiovascular Health

Overview

Journal Curr Atheroscler Rep

Publisher Springer

Specialty Cardiology & Vascular Diseases

Date 2022 Nov 24

PMID 36422788

Authors

Penny M Kris-Etherton

Philip A Sapp

Terrance M Riley

Kristin M Davis

Tricia Hart

Olivia Lawler

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose Of Review: The recent rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths in the USA has sparked interest in identifying and implementing effective strategies to reverse this trend. Healthy lifestyle behaviors (i.e., healthy diet, regular physical activity, achieve and maintain a healthy weight, avoid tobacco exposure, good quality sleep, avoiding and managing stress) are the cornerstone for CVD prevention.

Recent Findings: Achieving all of these behaviors significantly benefits heart health; however, even small changes lower CVD risk. Moreover, there is interplay among healthy lifestyle behaviors where changing one may result in concomitant changes in another behavior. In contrast, the presence of one or more unhealthy lifestyle behaviors may attenuate changing another lifestyle behavior(s) (poor diet, inadequate physical activity, overweight/obesity, poor sleep quality, tobacco exposure, and poor stress management). It is important to assess all of these lifestyle behaviors with patients to plan an intervention program that is best positioned for adherence.

Citing Articles

Mediation role of health behaviours in the relation between mental resilience and cardiovascular risk in young adults with a diagnosed congenital heart defect.

Mroczkowska R, Szlenk-Czyczerska E, Szwamel K, Fiszer R BMC Public Health. 2025; 25(1):943.

PMID: 40065270 PMC: 11895141. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-22094-8.

Including educational status may improve cardiovascular risk calculations such as SCORE2.

Dienhart C, Gostner I, Frey V, Aigner E, Iglseder B, Langthaler P Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024; 11:1345277.

PMID: 39465138 PMC: 11502382. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1345277.

Challenges and solutions to banning the advertisement of unhealthy products: a qualitative study.

Najafi M, Mosadeghrad A, Arab M BMC Public Health. 2024; 24(1):2956.

PMID: 39448981 PMC: 11515278. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19846-3.

Determinants of bone mineral density in various regions of the skeleton among smokers and non-smokers: the role of physical activity.

Kopiczko A, Czapla M, Kubielas G, Uchmanowicz B Front Physiol. 2024; 15:1403102.

PMID: 39363999 PMC: 11447293. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1403102.

Lifestyle behaviors and risk of cardiovascular disease and prognosis among individuals with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 71 prospective cohort studies.

Wu J, Feng Y, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Liu R, Zeng X Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2024; 21(1):42.

PMID: 38650004 PMC: 11036700. DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01586-7.

References

Fulwiler C, Brewer J, Sinnott S, Loucks E . Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Weight Loss and CVD Risk Management. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2017; 9(10). PMC: 5386400. DOI: 10.1007/s12170-015-0474-1. View

Minian N, Corrin T, Lingam M, deRuiter W, Rodak T, Taylor V . Identifying contexts and mechanisms in multiple behavior change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: a rapid realist review. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1):918. PMC: 7291527. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08973-2. View

Carty C, Kooperberg C, Neuhouser M, Tinker L, Howard B, Wactawski-Wende J . Low-fat dietary pattern and change in body-composition traits in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010; 93(3):516-24. PMC: 3041598. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006395. View

Tande D, Magel R, Strand B . Healthy Eating Index and abdominal obesity. Public Health Nutr. 2009; 13(2):208-14. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980009990723. View

An K, Salyer J, Brown R, Kao H, Starkweather A, Shim I . Salivary Biomarkers of Chronic Psychosocial Stress and CVD Risks: A Systematic Review. Biol Res Nurs. 2015; 18(3):241-63. DOI: 10.1177/1099800415604437. View

Bush T, Lovejoy J, Deprey M, Carpenter K . The effect of tobacco cessation on weight gain, obesity, and diabetes risk. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016; 24(9):1834-41. PMC: 5004778. DOI: 10.1002/oby.21582. View

Brady K, Sonne S . The role of stress in alcohol use, alcoholism treatment, and relapse. Alcohol Res Health. 2000; 23(4):263-71. PMC: 6760383. View

Mons U, Muezzinler A, Gellert C, Schottker B, Abnet C, Bobak M . Impact of smoking and smoking cessation on cardiovascular events and mortality among older adults: meta-analysis of individual participant data from prospective cohort studies of the CHANCES consortium. BMJ. 2015; 350:h1551. PMC: 4413837. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h1551. View

Petersen K, Kris-Etherton P . Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Nutrients. 2021; 13(12). PMC: 8706326. DOI: 10.3390/nu13124305. View

10.

Atoui S, Chevance G, Romain A, Kingsbury C, Lachance J, Bernard P . Daily associations between sleep and physical activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2021; 57:101426. DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101426. View

11.

Gibbs B, Hivert M, Jerome G, Kraus W, Rosenkranz S, Schorr E . Physical Activity as a Critical Component of First-Line Treatment for Elevated Blood Pressure or Cholesterol: Who, What, and How?: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2021; 78(2):e26-e37. DOI: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000196. View

12.

Dominguez F, Fuster V, Fernandez-Alvira J, Fernandez-Friera L, Lopez-Melgar B, Blanco-Rojo R . Association of Sleep Duration and Quality With Subclinical Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019; 73(2):134-144. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.060. View

13.

Shan Z, Li Y, Y Baden M, Bhupathiraju S, Wang D, Sun Q . Association Between Healthy Eating Patterns and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA Intern Med. 2020; 180(8):1090-1100. PMC: 7296454. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2176. View

14.

Chow C, Jolly S, Rao-Melacini P, Fox K, Anand S, Yusuf S . Association of diet, exercise, and smoking modification with risk of early cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2010; 121(6):750-8. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.891523. View

15.

Elagizi A, Kachur S, Carbone S, Lavie C, Blair S . A Review of Obesity, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Obes Rep. 2020; 9(4):571-581. DOI: 10.1007/s13679-020-00403-z. View

16.

Li Y, Pan A, Wang D, Liu X, Dhana K, Franco O . Impact of Healthy Lifestyle Factors on Life Expectancies in the US Population. Circulation. 2018; 138(4):345-355. PMC: 6207481. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032047. View

17.

Wold L, Tarran R, Crotty Alexander L, Hamburg N, Kheradmand F, St Helen G . Cardiopulmonary Consequences of Vaping in Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res. 2022; 131(3):e70-e82. DOI: 10.1161/RES.0000000000000544. View

18.

Tolstrup J, Hvidtfeldt U, Flachs E, Spiegelman D, Heitmann B, Balter K . Smoking and risk of coronary heart disease in younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Am J Public Health. 2013; 104(1):96-102. PMC: 3910023. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301091. View

19.

Sinha R . Chronic stress, drug use, and vulnerability to addiction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008; 1141:105-30. PMC: 2732004. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1441.030. View

20.

Torres O, ODell L . Stress is a principal factor that promotes tobacco use in females. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2015; 65:260-8. PMC: 4618274. DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.005. View