Transcriptomic Analyses Reveals Molecular Regulation of Photosynthesis by Endophyte in Under Infection

Overview

Journal J Fungi (Basel)

Date 2022 Nov 24

PMID 36422022

Authors

Yue Zhu

Shibo Zhu

Fang Zhang

Zhenrui Zhao

Michael J Christensen

Zhibiao Nan

Xingxu Zhang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Photosynthesis is essential for the growth of all green plants, and the presence of an endophyte enhances the photosynthesis of (drunken horse grass, DHG), including when it is under attack by fungal pathogens. However, few studies have examined the mechanism of the increased photosynthetic activity at the molecular level of when it is under pathogen stress. The present study investigated the effects of the presence of the endophyte on the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO concentration, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of DHG plants under a infection condition, and we compared the transcriptomes using RNA sequencing. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate of endophyte-infected (E+) plants was higher under the infection condition, and also without this pathogen, when it was compared with endophyte-free (E-) plants. The E+ plants uninfected with had 15 up-regulated unigenes that are involved in photosynthesis which were compared to the E- plants that were uninfected with this pathogen. This suggests that the presence of an endophyte up-regulates the genes that are involved in the process of photosynthesis.

Citing Articles

Antifungal Activity of Menisporopsin A against Relevant Plant Pathogens.

Rodriguez C, Barrios-Jaen M, Mejia L, Gutierrez M J Fungi (Basel). 2024; 10(6).

PMID: 38921369 PMC: 11204650. DOI: 10.3390/jof10060381.

The Interaction between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Grass Endophyte () on Host Plants: A Review.

Shen Y, Duan T J Fungi (Basel). 2024; 10(3).

PMID: 38535183 PMC: 10971549. DOI: 10.3390/jof10030174.

Endophytes in Agriculture: Potential to Improve Yields and Tolerances of Agricultural Crops.

Watts D, Palombo E, Jaimes Castillo A, Zaferanloo B Microorganisms. 2023; 11(5).

PMID: 37317250 PMC: 10221004. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051276.

References

Pieterse C, Leon-Reyes A, van der Ent S, Van Wees S . Networking by small-molecule hormones in plant immunity. Nat Chem Biol. 2009; 5(5):308-16. DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.164. View

Xue Y, Ma J, He Y, Yu S, Lin Z, Xiong Y . Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the green and white parts of chimeric leaves in var. . PeerJ. 2019; 7:e7261. PMC: 6626515. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7261. View

Xia C, Li N, Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang X, Nan Z . Role of Epichloë Endophytes in Defense Responses of Cool-Season Grasses to Pathogens: A Review. Plant Dis. 2018; 102(11):2061-2073. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-18-0762-FE. View

Rozpadek P, Wezowicz K, Nosek M, Wazny R, Tokarz K, Lembicz M . The fungal endophyte Epichloë typhina improves photosynthesis efficiency of its host orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata). Planta. 2015; 242(4):1025-35. PMC: 4560772. DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2337-x. View

Zhang X, Li C, Nan Z . Effects of cutting frequency and height on alkaloid production in endophyte-infected drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians). Sci China Life Sci. 2011; 54(6):567-71. DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4181-y. View

Qin J, Lu Y, Li X, Zhou Y, Ren A, Gao Y . [Effects of methyl jasmonate treatments and endophyte infection on growth of Achnatherum sibiricum]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2015; 26(4):1145-52. View

Ling N, Li W, Xu G, Qi Z, Ji C, Liu X . Transcriptomic sequencing reveals the response of to copper stress the increased photosynthesis and carbon mechanism. Mol Omics. 2021; 17(5):769-782. DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00125f. View

Schardl C, Craven K, Speakman S, Stromberg A, Lindstrom A, Yoshida R . A novel test for host-symbiont codivergence indicates ancient origin of fungal endophytes in grasses. Syst Biol. 2008; 57(3):483-98. DOI: 10.1080/10635150802172184. View

Leuchtmann A, Bacon C, Schardl C, White Jr J, Tadych M . Nomenclatural realignment of Neotyphodium species with genus Epicholë. Mycologia. 2014; 106(2):202-15. DOI: 10.3852/13-251. View

10.

Zhong R, Bastias D, Zhang X, Li C, Nan Z . Vertically Transmitted Systemic Endophyte Enhances Drought Tolerance of Host Plants through Promoting Photosynthesis and Biomass Accumulation. J Fungi (Basel). 2022; 8(5). PMC: 9144827. DOI: 10.3390/jof8050512. View

11.

Bastias D, Martinez-Ghersa M, Newman J, Card S, Mace W, Gundel P . The plant hormone salicylic acid interacts with the mechanism of anti-herbivory conferred by fungal endophytes in grasses. Plant Cell Environ. 2017; 41(2):395-405. DOI: 10.1111/pce.13102. View

12.

Christensen M, Bennett R, Ansari H, Koga H, Johnson R, Bryan G . Epichloë endophytes grow by intercalary hyphal extension in elongating grass leaves. Fungal Genet Biol. 2007; 45(2):84-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2007.07.013. View

13.

Doubnerova V, Ryslava H . What can enzymes of C₄ photosynthesis do for C₃ plants under stress?. Plant Sci. 2011; 180(4):575-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.12.005. View

14.

Li X, Zhou Y, Mace W, Qin J, Liu H, Chen W . Endophyte species influence the biomass production of the native grass (L.) Keng under high nitrogen availability. Ecol Evol. 2016; 6(23):8595-8606. PMC: 5167029. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2566. View

15.

Hansjakob A, Riederer M, Hildebrandt U . Appressorium morphogenesis and cell cycle progression are linked in the grass powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis. Fungal Biol. 2012; 116(8):890-901. DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2012.05.006. View

16.

Zhang X, Li C, Nan Z . Effects of cadmium stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Elymus dahuricus infected with the Neotyphodium endophyte. Sci China Life Sci. 2012; 55(9):793-9. DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4359-y. View

17.

Glawe D . The powdery mildews: a review of the world's most familiar (yet poorly known) plant pathogens. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2008; 46:27-51. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.46.081407.104740. View

18.

Cao A, Xing L, Wang X, Yang X, Wang W, Sun Y . Serine/threonine kinase gene Stpk-V, a key member of powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21, confers powdery mildew resistance in wheat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011; 108(19):7727-32. PMC: 3093467. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016981108. View

19.

Pieterse C, Zamioudis C, Berendsen R, Weller D, Van Wees S, Bakker P . Induced systemic resistance by beneficial microbes. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2014; 52:347-75. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102340. View

20.

Robert C, Bancal M, Ney B, Lannou C . Wheat leaf photosynthesis loss due to leaf rust, with respect to lesion development and leaf nitrogen status. New Phytol. 2005; 165(1):227-41. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01237.x. View