Association of Simple Renal Cysts with Metabolic Syndrome in Adults

Overview

Journal Front Public Health

Specialty Public Health

Date 2022 Nov 21

PMID 36408037

Authors

Wei-Chen Shen

Zih-Jie Sun

Chieh-Ying Chou

Yu-Tsung Chou

Feng-Hwa Lu

Yi-Ching Yang

Chih-Jen Chang

Jin-Shang Wu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background And Aims: Metabolic syndrome is common nowadays and may increase risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular complications and even mortality. Renal cysts are also frequently found during routine examination. However, the relationship between simple renal cysts (SRCs) and metabolic syndrome remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of SRCs with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: A total of 16,216 subjects aged ≥18 years were enrolled in this study. SRCs were diagnosed with ultrasonography by finding: sharp, thin posterior walls, a round/oval shape, absence of internal echoes, and posterior enhancement. SRCs were categorized by number (0, 1, and ≥2) and size (<2 and ≥2 cm). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation.

Results: In multivariate analysis, SRCs were positively related to metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.34). The risk of metabolic syndrome was higher for SRCs with a number ≥2 (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.68) and size ≥2 cm (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.10-1.61). When considering the SRC number and size concomitantly, SRCs with a number ≥2/size ≥2 cm (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.02-1.98) or <2/size ≥2 cm (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04-1.62) were positively related to metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions: Simple renal cysts were found to be related to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, and the association is more significant in those with larger (sizes ≥2cm) or plural (numbers ≥2) SRCs.

Citing Articles

Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and the Size of Renal Cysts: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Tao B, Gu D, Wang K, Li Y, Xu X, Chen J Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2024; 17:3795-3802.

PMID: 39430136 PMC: 11491088. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S479665.

References

Boo H, Lee J, Chung S, Jang H, Huh W, Kim D . The presence of simple renal cysts is associated with an increased risk of albuminuria in young adults. Korean J Intern Med. 2021; 37(2):425-433. PMC: 8925965. DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.576. View

Chu N . Prevalence of obesity in Taiwan. Obes Rev. 2005; 6(4):271-4. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00175.x. View

Whelan T . Guidelines on the management of renal cyst disease. Can Urol Assoc J. 2010; 4(2):98-9. PMC: 2845761. DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.10023. View

Das U . Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. J Transl Int Med. 2017; 4(2):66-72. PMC: 5290902. DOI: 10.1515/jtim-2016-0022. View

Han Y, Zhang M, Lu J, Zhang L, Han J, Zhao F . Hyperuricemia and overexcretion of uric acid increase the risk of simple renal cysts in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1):3802. PMC: 5476589. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04036-6. View

Zhu L, Zhao X, Zeng P, Zhu J, Yang S, Liu A . Study on autonomic dysfunction and metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients. J Diabetes Investig. 2016; 7(6):901-907. PMC: 5089954. DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12524. View

Shields B, Hicks S, Shepherd M, Colclough K, Hattersley A, Ellard S . Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): how many cases are we missing?. Diabetologia. 2010; 53(12):2504-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1799-4. View

Tziomalos K, Athyros V, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis D . Endothelial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome: prevalence, pathogenesis and management. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009; 20(2):140-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.08.006. View

Luft F . Renalase, a catecholamine-metabolizing hormone from the kidney. Cell Metab. 2005; 1(6):358-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2005.05.008. View

10.

Singh Y, Garg M, Tandon N, Marwaha R . A study of insulin resistance by HOMA-IR and its cut-off value to identify metabolic syndrome in urban Indian adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2014; 5(4):245-51. PMC: 3890224. DOI: 10.4274/Jcrpe.1127. View

11.

Fallo F, Pilon C, Urbanet R . Primary aldosteronism and metabolic syndrome. Horm Metab Res. 2011; 44(3):208-14. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1295412. View

12.

El Assar M, Angulo J, Rodriguez-Manas L . Oxidative stress and vascular inflammation in aging. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013; 65:380-401. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.003. View

13.

Saklayen M . The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018; 20(2):12. PMC: 5866840. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z. View

14.

Katabathina V, Kota G, Dasyam A, Shanbhogue A, Prasad S . Adult renal cystic disease: a genetic, biological, and developmental primer. Radiographics. 2010; 30(6):1509-23. DOI: 10.1148/rg.306105513. View

15.

Hasegawa E, Fuller R, Chammas M, de Mello F, Goldenstein-Schainberg C . Increased prevalence of simple renal cysts in patients with gout. Rheumatol Int. 2012; 33(2):413-6. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-012-2380-x. View

16.

Lee C, Yang Y, Wu J, Chang Y, Huang Y, Lu F . Multiple and large simple renal cysts are associated with prehypertension and hypertension. Kidney Int. 2013; 83(5):924-30. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.481. View

17.

Pedersen J, Emamian S, Nielsen M . Simple renal cyst: relations to age and arterial blood pressure. Br J Radiol. 1993; 66(787):581-4. DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-66-787-581. View

18.

Li G, Xu J, Wang P, Velazquez H, Li Y, Wu Y . Catecholamines regulate the activity, secretion, and synthesis of renalase. Circulation. 2008; 117(10):1277-82. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.732032. View

19.

Ozveren B, Onganer E, Turkeri L . Simple Renal Cysts: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Follow-Up in a Health Screening Cohort. Urol J. 2016; 13(1):2569-75. View

20.

Mateus J, Rivera C, Omeara M, Valenzuela A, Lizcano F . Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 a MULTISYSTEMIC disease: a CASE report of a novel mutation in the HNF1B gene and literature review. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020; 6:16. PMC: 7448977. DOI: 10.1186/s40842-020-00103-6. View