MicroRNAs in Extracellular Vesicles: Sorting Mechanisms, Diagnostic Value, Isolation, and Detection Technology

Overview

Journal Front Bioeng Biotechnol

Date 2022 Nov 3

PMID 36324901

Authors

Dongjie Xu

Kaili Di

Boyue Fan

Jie Wu

Xinrui Gu

Yifan Sun

Adeel Khan

Peng Li

Zhiyang Li

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, with a length of about 18-22 nucleotides. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are derived from cells and play a vital role in the development of diseases and can be used as biomarkers for liquid biopsy, as they are the carriers of miRNA. Existing studies have found that most of the functions of miRNA are mainly realized through intercellular transmission of EVs, which can protect and sort miRNAs. Meanwhile, detection sensitivity and specificity of EV-derived miRNA are higher than those of conventional serum biomarkers. In recent years, EVs have been expected to become a new marker for liquid biopsy. This review summarizes recent progress in several aspects of EVs, including sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, and technology for isolation of EVs and detection of EV-derived miRNAs. In addition, the study reviews challenges and future research avenues in the field of EVs, providing a basis for the application of EV-derived miRNAs as a disease marker to be used in clinical diagnosis and even for the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms.

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