Tracing Plant Source Water Dynamics During Drought by Continuous Transpiration Measurements: An In-situ Stable Isotope Approach

The isotopic composition of xylem water (δ ) is of considerable interest for plant source water studies. In-situ monitored isotopic composition of transpired water (δ ) could provide a nondestructive proxy for δ -values. Using flow-through leaf chambers, we monitored 2-hourly δ -dynamics in two tropical plant species, one canopy-forming tree and one understory herbaceous species. In an enclosed rainforest (Biosphere 2), we observed δ -dynamics in response to an experimental severe drought, followed by a H deep-water pulse applied belowground before starting regular rain. We also sampled branches to obtain δ -values from cryogenic vacuum extraction (CVE). Daily flux-weighted δ O -values were a good proxy for δ O -values under well-watered and drought conditions that matched the rainforest's water source. Transpiration-derived δ O -values were mostly lower than CVE-derived values. Transpiration-derived δ H -values were relatively high compared to source water and consistently higher than CVE-derived values during drought. Tracing the H deep-water pulse in real-time showed distinct water uptake and transport responses: a fast and strong contribution of deep water to canopy tree transpiration contrasting with a slow and limited contribution to understory species transpiration. Thus, the in-situ transpiration method is a promising tool to capture rapid dynamics in plant water uptake and use by both woody and nonwoody species.