General and Specialized Tyrosine Metabolism Pathways in Plants

Overview

Journal aBIOTECH

Publisher Springer

Specialty Environmental Health

Date 2022 Oct 28

PMID 36304719

Authors

Jing-Jing Xu

Xin Fang

Chen-Yi Li

Lei Yang

Xiao-Ya Chen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The tyrosine metabolism pathway serves as a starting point for the production of a variety of structurally diverse natural compounds in plants, such as tocopherols, plastoquinone, ubiquinone, betalains, salidroside, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, and so on. Among these, tyrosine-derived metabolites, tocopherols, plastoquinone, and ubiquinone are essential to plant survival. In addition, this pathway provides us essential micronutrients (e.g., vitamin E and ubiquinone) and medicine (e.g., morphine, salidroside, and salvianolic acid B). However, our knowledge of the plant tyrosine metabolism pathway remains rudimentary, and genes encoding the pathway enzymes have not been fully defined. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the tyrosine metabolism pathway, key enzymes, and important tyrosine-derived metabolites in plants.

Citing Articles

Investigation on Rational Utilization of Medicinal Plant Chang Leaf and Bark at Different Developmental Stages.

Li J, Geng Z, Yuan Y, Wang M, Zhang Y, Wang J Metabolites. 2025; 15(2).

PMID: 39997723 PMC: 11857821. DOI: 10.3390/metabo15020098.

Insights into the Role of Genes in Tyrosine Metabolism and Drought Stress Tolerance in Cotton.

Mehari T, Tang J, Gu H, Fang H, Han J, Zheng J Int J Mol Sci. 2025; 26(3).

PMID: 39941123 PMC: 11818400. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26031355.

Complete pathway elucidation of echinacoside in Cistanche tubulosa and de novo biosynthesis of phenylethanoid glycosides.

Huang W, Yan Y, Tian W, Cui X, Wang Y, Song Y Nat Commun. 2025; 16(1):882.

PMID: 39837891 PMC: 11751479. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56243-9.

Halophyte-based crop managements induce biochemical, metabolomic and proteomic changes in tomato plants under saline conditions.

Barba-Espin G, Jurado-Manogil C, Plskova Z, Kerchev P, Hernandez J, Diaz-Vivancos P Physiol Plant. 2025; 177(1):e70060.

PMID: 39822104 PMC: 11739548. DOI: 10.1111/ppl.70060.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Carrot Adaptation to Alternaria Leaf Blight.

Liang C, Zhao D, Ou C, Zhao Z, Zhuang F, Liu X Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(23).

PMID: 39684815 PMC: 11642675. DOI: 10.3390/ijms252313106.

References

Norris S, Barrette T, Dellapenna D . Genetic dissection of carotenoid synthesis in arabidopsis defines plastoquinone as an essential component of phytoene desaturation. Plant Cell. 1995; 7(12):2139-49. PMC: 161068. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.7.12.2139. View

Schenck C, Maeda H . Tyrosine biosynthesis, metabolism, and catabolism in plants. Phytochemistry. 2018; 149:82-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.02.003. View

Riewe D, Koohi M, Lisec J, Pfeiffer M, Lippmann R, Schmeichel J . A tyrosine aminotransferase involved in tocopherol synthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 2012; 71(5):850-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05035.x. View

Ru M, Wang K, Bai Z, Peng L, He S, Wang Y . A tyrosine aminotransferase involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in Prunella vulgaris L. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1):4892. PMC: 5501851. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05290-4. View

Wang M, Toda K, Block A, Maeda H . TAT1 and TAT2 tyrosine aminotransferases have both distinct and shared functions in tyrosine metabolism and degradation in . J Biol Chem. 2019; 294(10):3563-3576. PMC: 6416433. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.006539. View

Nielsen K, Tattersall D, Jones P, Moller B . Metabolon formation in dhurrin biosynthesis. Phytochemistry. 2007; 69(1):88-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.06.033. View

Lee E, Facchini P . Tyrosine aminotransferase contributes to benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy. Plant Physiol. 2011; 157(3):1067-78. PMC: 3252151. DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.185512. View

Liu X, Liu Y, Huang P, Ma Y, Qing Z, Tang Q . The Genome of Medicinal Plant Macleaya cordata Provides New Insights into Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Metabolism. Mol Plant. 2017; 10(7):975-989. DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.05.007. View

Facchini P, De Luca V . Expression in Escherichia coli and partial characterization of two tyrosine/dopa decarboxylases from opium poppy. Phytochemistry. 1995; 38(5):1119-26. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00814-a. View

10.

Torrens-Spence M, Gillaspy G, Zhao B, Harich K, White R, Li J . Biochemical evaluation of a parsley tyrosine decarboxylase results in a novel 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase enzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012; 418(2):211-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.124. View

11.

Beaudoin-Eagan L, Thorpe T . Tyrosine and Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activities during Shoot Initiation in Tobacco Callus Cultures. Plant Physiol. 1985; 78(3):438-41. PMC: 1064755. DOI: 10.1104/pp.78.3.438. View

12.

Cass C, Peraldi A, Dowd P, Mottiar Y, Santoro N, Karlen S . Effects of PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE (PAL) knockdown on cell wall composition, biomass digestibility, and biotic and abiotic stress responses in Brachypodium. J Exp Bot. 2015; 66(14):4317-35. PMC: 4493789. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv269. View

13.

Rippert P, Scimemi C, Dubald M, Matringe M . Engineering plant shikimate pathway for production of tocotrienol and improving herbicide resistance. Plant Physiol. 2003; 134(1):92-100. PMC: 316290. DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.032441. View

14.

Norris S, Shen X, Dellapenna D . Complementation of the Arabidopsis pds1 mutation with the gene encoding p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Plant Physiol. 1998; 117(4):1317-23. PMC: 34895. DOI: 10.1104/pp.117.4.1317. View

15.

Facchini P, De Luca V . Differential and tissue-specific expression of a gene family for tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase in opium poppy. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269(43):26684-90. View

16.

Stefely J, Kwiecien N, Freiberger E, Richards A, Jochem A, Rush M . Mitochondrial protein functions elucidated by multi-omic mass spectrometry profiling. Nat Biotechnol. 2016; 34(11):1191-1197. PMC: 5101133. DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3683. View

17.

Christou P, Barton K . Cytokinin antagonist activity of substituted phenethylamines in plant cell culture. Plant Physiol. 1989; 89(2):564-8. PMC: 1055882. DOI: 10.1104/pp.89.2.564. View

18.

Polturak G, Breitel D, Grossman N, Sarrion-Perdigones A, Weithorn E, Pliner M . Elucidation of the first committed step in betalain biosynthesis enables the heterologous engineering of betalain pigments in plants. New Phytol. 2015; 210(1):269-83. DOI: 10.1111/nph.13796. View

19.

Kahn R, Bak S, Svendsen I, Halkier B, Moller B . Isolation and reconstitution of cytochrome P450ox and in vitro reconstitution of the entire biosynthetic pathway of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin from sorghum. Plant Physiol. 1998; 115(4):1661-70. PMC: 158632. DOI: 10.1104/pp.115.4.1661. View

20.

Torrens-Spence M, Liu P, Ding H, Harich K, Gillaspy G, Li J . Biochemical evaluation of the decarboxylation and decarboxylation-deamination activities of plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylases. J Biol Chem. 2012; 288(4):2376-87. PMC: 3554908. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M112.401752. View