Oxidative Stress Management in Cardiorenal Diseases: Focus on Novel Antidiabetic Agents, Finerenone, and Melatonin

Overview

Journal Life (Basel)

Specialty Biology

Date 2022 Oct 27

PMID 36295098

Authors

Panagiotis Theofilis

Aikaterini Vordoni

Rigas G Kalaitzidis

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Oxidative stress is characterized by excessive production of reactive oxygen species together with exhausted antioxidant defenses. This constitutes a main pathophysiologic process that is implicated in cardiovascular and renal diseases. In particular, enhanced oxidative stress may lead to low-density lipoprotein accumulation and oxidation, endothelial cell activation, adhesion molecule overexpression, macrophage activation, and foam cell formation, promoting the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The deleterious kidney effects of oxidative stress are numerous, including podocytopathy, mesangial enlargement, renal hypertrophy, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis. The prominent role of oxidative mechanisms in cardiorenal diseases may be counteracted by recently developed pharmacotherapies such as novel antidiabetic agents and finerenone. These agents have demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, the use of melatonin as a treatment in this field has been experimentally investigated, with large-scale clinical studies being awaited. Finally, clinical implications and future directions in this field are presented.

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