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Xenotransplantation of Porcine Progenitor Cells in an Epileptic California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus): Illustrative Case

Abstract

Background: Domoic acid (DA) is a naturally occurring neurotoxin harmful to marine animals and humans. California sea lions exposed to DA in prey during algal blooms along the Pacific coast exhibit significant neurological symptoms, including epilepsy with hippocampal atrophy.

Observations: Here the authors describe a xenotransplantation procedure to deliver interneuron progenitor cells into the damaged hippocampus of an epileptic sea lion with suspected DA toxicosis. The sea lion has had no evidence of seizures after the procedure, and clinical measures of well-being, including weight and feeding habits, have stabilized.

Lessons: These preliminary results suggest xenotransplantation has improved the quality of life for this animal and holds tremendous therapeutic promise.

Citing Articles

The Toxic Effects of Environmental Domoic Acid Exposure on Humans and Marine Wildlife.

Krasner A, Martinez M, Field C, Fire S Mar Drugs. 2025; 23(2).

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Cell therapy for neurological disorders: Progress towards an embryonic medial ganglionic eminence progenitor-based treatment.

Righes Marafiga J, Baraban S Front Neurosci. 2023; 17():1177678.

PMID: 37123353 PMC: 10140420. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1177678.

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