Microstructural Changes of Human Dentin Tubules After Citric Acid Immersion of Specimens Treated with Different Desensitising Approaches: An SEM Analysis

Overview

Journal Oral Health Prev Dent

Date 2022 Oct 19

PMID 36259440

Authors

Ogul Leman Tunar

Bahar Eren Kuru

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and acid resistance on dentin surfaces following the application of a linear-oscillating device (LOD) with a hydroxyapatite-based polishing fluid, Er:YAG laser or sodium fluoride (NaF) used alone or in combinations for desensitising purposes.

Materials And Methods: Freshly extracted impacted third molars were used to obtain 120 specimens, all completely immersed in 1% citric acid for 5 min and divided randomly into 6 groups. Group I, with no treatment, served as the control; group II: Er:YAG laser (30 Hz, 60 mJ/pulse, 10 s); group III: NaF gel; group IV: LOD; groups V and VI: the combinations of NaF+Er:YAG and LOD+Er:YAG, respectively, were applied. Following these treatments, the effectiveness of each was evaluated in half of the specimens in each group (n = 10). The other half of the specimens (n = 10) served for acid-resistance testing. All evaluations were made on SEM photomicrographs.

Results: The post-treatment tubule diameters and numbers were the lowest with LOD+Er:YAG, followed by NaF+Er:YAG, LOD, Er:YAG and NaF. Paired comparisons revealed LOD+Er:YAG to be the best treatment method (p < 0.05). After 3 h of acid immersion, all treatments revealed significant increases (p < 0.05) in both tubule number and diameter study between post-treatment and post-acid immersion values. The exception was LOD+Er:YAG. LOD+Er:YAG showed the highest resistance to acid challenge, presenting the lowest increase in tubular diameters and numbers followed by NaF+Er:YAG, LOD, Er:YAG and NaF.

Conclusion: Combined LOD+Er:YAG treatment revealed the highest effectiveness and acid resistance. Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm these in-vitro results.

References

Schwarz F, Aoki A, Sculean A, Georg T, Scherbaum W, Becker J . In vivo effects of an Er:YAG laser, an ultrasonic system and scaling and root planing on the biocompatibility of periodontally diseased root surfaces in cultures of human PDL fibroblasts. Lasers Surg Med. 2003; 33(2):140-7. DOI: 10.1002/lsm.10201. View

McAndrew R, Kourkouta S . Effects of toothbrushing prior and/or subsequent to dietary acid application on smear layer formation and the patency of dentinal tubules: an SEM study. J Periodontol. 1995; 66(6):443-8. DOI: 10.1902/jop.1995.66.6.443. View

Sculean A, Schwarz F, Berakdar M, Romanos G, Brecx M, Willershausen B . Non-surgical periodontal treatment with a new ultrasonic device (Vector-ultrasonic system) or hand instruments. J Clin Periodontol. 2004; 31(6):428-33. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00496.x. View

Gholami G, Fekrazad R, Esmaiel-Nejad A, Kalhori K . An evaluation of the occluding effects of Er;Cr:YSGG, Nd:YAG, CO₂ and diode lasers on dentinal tubules: a scanning electron microscope in vitro study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2011; 29(2):115-21. DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2628. View

von Troil B, Needleman I, Sanz M . A systematic review of the prevalence of root sensitivity following periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 29 Suppl 3:173-7; discussion 195-6. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.29.s3.10.x. View

Chabanski M, Gillam D, Bulman J, Newman H . Prevalence of cervical dentine sensitivity in a population of patients referred to a specialist Periodontology Department. J Clin Periodontol. 1996; 23(11):989-92. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1996.tb00525.x. View

Wade W . Resilience of the oral microbiome. Periodontol 2000. 2021; 86(1):113-122. DOI: 10.1111/prd.12365. View

Addy M, Pearce N . Aetiological, predisposing and environmental factors in dentine hypersensitivity. Arch Oral Biol. 1994; 39 Suppl:33S-38S. DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(94)90186-4. View

Zero D, Lussi A . Erosion--chemical and biological factors of importance to the dental practitioner. Int Dent J. 2005; 55(4 Suppl 1):285-90. DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2005.tb00066.x. View

10.

Tunar O, Gursoy H, Cakar G, Kuru B, Dirikan Ipci S, Yilmaz S . Evaluation of the effects of Er:YAG laser and desensitizing paste containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate, and their combinations on human dentine tubules: a scanning electron microscopic analysis. Photomed Laser Surg. 2014; 32(10):540-5. DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3779. View

11.

Brannstrom M, Linden L, ASTROM A . The hydrodynamics of the dental tubule and of pulp fluid. A discussion of its significance in relation to dentinal sensitivity. Caries Res. 1967; 1(4):310-7. DOI: 10.1159/000259530. View

12.

Tunar O, Gursoy H, Ozkan Karaca E, Kuru B . A Comparative Evaluation of Root Surface Biomodification with Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Gel, and Titanium Nitride Curette: Scanning Electron Microscope and Profilometry Analyses. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2021; 39(12):766-773. DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0037. View

13.

Taani S, Awartani F . Clinical evaluation of cervical dentin sensitivity (CDS) in patients attending general dental clinics (GDC) and periodontal specialty clinics (PSC). J Clin Periodontol. 2002; 29(2):118-22. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290205.x. View

14.

Ten Cate J . Review on fluoride, with special emphasis on calcium fluoride mechanisms in caries prevention. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997; 105(5 Pt 2):461-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1997.tb00231.x. View

15.

Dowell P, Addy M, Dummer P . Dentine hypersensitivity: aetiology, differential diagnosis and management. Br Dent J. 1985; 158(3):92-6. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4805542. View

16.

Tal M, Oron M, GEDALIA I, Ehrlich J . X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope investigations of fluoride-treated dentine in man. Arch Oral Biol. 1976; 21(5):285-90. DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(76)90050-9. View

17.

Gautham Kumar N, Mehta D . Short-term assessment of the Nd:YAG laser with and without sodium fluoride varnish in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity--a clinical and scanning electron microscopy study. J Periodontol. 2005; 76(7):1140-7. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.7.1140. View

18.

Orchardson R, Collins W . Clinical features of hypersensitive teeth. Br Dent J. 1987; 162(7):253-6. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4806096. View

19.

White D, Lawless M, Fatade A, Baig A, von Koppenfels R, Duschner H . Stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice increases dentin resistance to tubule exposure in vitro. J Clin Dent. 2007; 18(2):55-9. View

20.

Naylor F, Aranha A, Eduardo C, Arana-Chavez V, Sobral M . Micromorphological analysis of dentinal structure after irradiation with Nd:YAG laser and immersion in acidic beverages. Photomed Laser Surg. 2007; 24(6):745-52. DOI: 10.1089/pho.2006.24.745. View