Green Nanostructured Liquids for the Analysis of Urine in Drug-facilitated Sexual Assault Cases

Overview

Journal Anal Bioanal Chem

Specialty Chemistry

Date 2022 Oct 14

PMID 36239753

Authors

Nouman Almofti

Soledad Gonzalez-Rubio

Ana Ballesteros-Gomez

Eloy Girela

Soledad Rubio

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In this work, we optimize and validate a simple, time-saving, and environmentally friendly sample preparation method based on supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS), green nanostructured liquids, for the extraction of selected drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) substances from human urine. The methodology was fast and simple (stirring, centrifugation, and dilution). Cubosomic SUPRAS were formed by the addition of 1,2-hexanediol (200 μL) to 1.0 mL of human urine containing 1 M NaSO. SUPRAS extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The method was fully validated for 23 DFSA compounds including 10 benzodiazepines, 1 z-hypnotic drug, 5 amphetamine derivatives, 3 cocaine metabolites, and 4 miscellaneous compounds. Extraction efficiency varied between 79 and 119%, and matrix effects were acceptable (-14.3/+21.5) for 87% of the compounds. Method detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.003 to 0.75 ng/mL and from 0.01 to 2.50 ng/mL, respectively. These values were low enough for the established minimum required performance limits (MRPL) of these substances. This simple and green method has a great potential to be implemented for the monitoring of illegal drugs involved in DFSA cases by forensic laboratories.

Citing Articles

Ecofriendly and biocompatible biochars derived from waste-branches for direct and efficient solid-phase extraction of benzodiazepines in crude urine sample prior to LC-MS/MS.

Fu S, Wang B, Li Y, Huang Z, Shi Z, Zuo G Mikrochim Acta. 2025; 192(2):66.

PMID: 39792280 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06912-1.

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