Current Landscape of Therapeutic Resistance in Lung Cancer and Promising Strategies to Overcome Resistance

Overview

Journal Cancers (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Oncology

Date 2022 Oct 14

PMID 36230484

Authors

Adnin Ashrafi

Zakia Akter

Pouya Modareszadeh

Parsa Modareszadeh

Eranda Berisha

Parinaz Sadat Alemi

Maria Del Carmen Chacon Castro

Alexander R Deese

Li Zhang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 18%. Current treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Despite advances in therapeutic options, resistance to therapy remains a major obstacle to the effectiveness of long-term treatment, eventually leading to therapeutic insensitivity, poor progression-free survival, and disease relapse. Resistance mechanisms stem from genetic mutations and/or epigenetic changes, unregulated drug efflux, tumor hypoxia, alterations in the tumor microenvironment, and several other cellular and molecular alterations. A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for targeting factors involved in therapeutic resistance, establishing novel antitumor targets, and developing therapeutic strategies to resensitize cancer cells towards treatment. In this review, we summarize diverse mechanisms driving resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and promising strategies to help overcome this therapeutic resistance.

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