Recent Advances of Chitosan Formulations in Biomedical Applications

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2022 Sep 23

PMID 36142887

Authors

Mohammed A S Abourehab

Sheersha Pramanik

Mohamed A Abdelgawad

Bassam M Abualsoud

Ammar Kadi

Mohammad Javed Ansari

A Deepak

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Chitosan, a naturally abundant cationic polymer, is chemically composed of cellulose-based biopolymers derived by deacetylating chitin. It offers several attractive characteristics such as renewability, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi, etc., because of which it is receiving immense attention as a biopolymer for a plethora of applications including drug delivery, protective coating materials, food packaging films, wastewater treatment, and so on. Additionally, its structure carries reactive functional groups that enable several reactions and electrochemical interactions at the biomolecular level and improves the chitosan's physicochemical properties and functionality. This review article highlights the extensive research about the properties, extraction techniques, and recent developments of chitosan-based composites for drug, gene, protein, and vaccine delivery applications. Its versatile applications in tissue engineering and wound healing are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for chitosan in biomedical applications are elucidated.

Citing Articles

Natural-Synthetic Hybrid Nanostructures Formed Through the Interaction of Chitosan with Carboxylate-Ended PNIPAM: Structure and Curcumin Encapsulation.

Lotos E, Karayianni M, Vasiliu A, Mihai M, Pispas S Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025; 15(5).

PMID: 40072153 PMC: 11901671. DOI: 10.3390/nano15050350.

Recent Advancements in Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Wound Healing.

Shah J, Patel D, Rananavare D, Hudson D, Tran M, Schloss R J Funct Biomater. 2025; 16(2).

PMID: 39997579 PMC: 11857049. DOI: 10.3390/jfb16020045.

Low molecular weight chitosan attenuates acrylamide-induced toxicity in .

Senthil Kumar S, Sheik Mohideen S Toxicol Rep. 2025; 14:101933.

PMID: 39980658 PMC: 11841218. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101933.

Research Progress on Extracellular Matrix-Based Composite Materials in Antibacterial Field.

Cai D, Liu T, Weng W, Zhu X Biomater Res. 2025; 29():0128.

PMID: 39822928 PMC: 11735711. DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0128.

Development of Novel Squid Gladius Biomaterials for Cornea Tissue Engineering.

Garzon I, Munoz-Hurtado J, Pereira-Martinez J, Ionescu A, Cardona J, Tejada-Casado M Mar Drugs. 2024; 22(12).

PMID: 39728110 PMC: 11677964. DOI: 10.3390/md22120535.

References

Neves S, Teixeira L, Moroni L, Reis R, van Blitterswijk C, Alves N . Chitosan/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) blend scaffolds for cartilage repair. Biomaterials. 2010; 32(4):1068-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.09.073. View

McConnell E, Murdan S, Basit A . An investigation into the digestion of chitosan (noncrosslinked and crosslinked) by human colonic bacteria. J Pharm Sci. 2008; 97(9):3820-9. DOI: 10.1002/jps.21271. View

Soriente A, Amodio S, Fasolino I, Raucci M, Demitri C, Engel E . Chitosan/PEGDA based scaffolds as bioinspired materials to control in vitro angiogenesis. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020; 118:111420. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111420. View

Baghdan E, Pinnapireddy S, Strehlow B, Engelhardt K, Schafer J, Bakowsky U . Lipid coated chitosan-DNA nanoparticles for enhanced gene delivery. Int J Pharm. 2017; 535(1-2):473-479. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.045. View

Xu W, Liu K, Li T, Zhang W, Dong Y, Lv J . An in situ hydrogel based on carboxymethyl chitosan and sodium alginate dialdehyde for corneal wound healing after alkali burn. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2018; 107(4):742-754. PMC: 6590378. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36589. View

Liu C, Jin Z, Ge X, Zhang Y, Xu H . Decellularized Annulus Fibrosus Matrix/Chitosan Hybrid Hydrogels with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for Annulus Fibrosus Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A. 2019; 25(23-24):1605-1613. PMC: 6919252. DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2018.0297. View

Lertwattanaseri T, Ichikawa N, Mizoguchi T, Tanaka Y, Chirachanchai S . Microwave technique for efficient deacetylation of chitin nanowhiskers to a chitosan nanoscaffold. Carbohydr Res. 2008; 344(3):331-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.10.018. View

Islam M, Laing R, Wilson C, McConnell M, Ali M . Fabrication and characterization of 3-dimensional electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/keratin/chitosan nanofibrous scaffold. Carbohydr Polym. 2021; 275:118682. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118682. View

Maharjan B, Park J, Kaliannagounder V, Awasthi G, Joshi M, Park C . Regenerated cellulose nanofiber reinforced chitosan hydrogel scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym. 2020; 251:117023. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117023. View

10.

Du X, Wu L, Yan H, Jiang Z, Li S, Li W . Microchannelled alkylated chitosan sponge to treat noncompressible hemorrhages and facilitate wound healing. Nat Commun. 2021; 12(1):4733. PMC: 8342549. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24972-2. View

11.

Vozza G, Danish M, Byrne H, Frias J, Ryan S . Application of Box-Behnken experimental design for the formulation and optimisation of selenomethionine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles coated with zein for oral delivery. Int J Pharm. 2018; 551(1-2):257-269. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.050. View

12.

Dilamian M, Montazer M, Masoumi J . Antimicrobial electrospun membranes of chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) incorporating poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride. Carbohydr Polym. 2013; 94(1):364-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.059. View

13.

Dowling M, Kumar R, Keibler M, Hess J, Bochicchio G, Raghavan S . A self-assembling hydrophobically modified chitosan capable of reversible hemostatic action. Biomaterials. 2011; 32(13):3351-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.12.033. View

14.

Kashkouli K, Torkzadeh-Mahani M, Mosaddegh E . Synthesis and characterization of aminotetrazole-functionalized magnetic chitosan nanocomposite as a novel nanocarrier for targeted gene delivery. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2018; 89:166-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.03.032. View

15.

Zhuo F, Abourehab M, Hussain Z . Hyaluronic acid decorated tacrolimus-loaded nanoparticles: Efficient approach to maximize dermal targeting and anti-dermatitis efficacy. Carbohydr Polym. 2018; 197:478-489. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.023. View

16.

Khorasani M, Joorabloo A, Moghaddam A, Shamsi H, MansooriMoghadam Z . Incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into heparinised polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan hydrogels for wound dressing application. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018; 114:1203-1215. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.010. View

17.

Yu Y, Kim D, Suh E, Jeong S, Kwon H, Le T . Injectable glycol chitosan thermogel formulation for efficient inner ear drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym. 2022; 278:118969. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118969. View

18.

Huang G, Liu Y, Chen L . Chitosan and its derivatives as vehicles for drug delivery. Drug Deliv. 2017; 24(sup1):108-113. PMC: 8812576. DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1399305. View

19.

Huang C, Chen R, Ke Q, Morsi Y, Zhang K, Mo X . Electrospun collagen-chitosan-TPU nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineered tubular grafts. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2010; 82(2):307-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.09.002. View

20.

Wang Y, Young T, Wang T . Investigating the effect of chitosan/ polycaprolactone blends in differentiation of corneal endothelial cells and extracellular matrix compositions. Exp Eye Res. 2019; 185:107679. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.019. View