SARS-CoV-2 and Endothelial Cells: Vascular Changes, Intussusceptive Microvascular Growth and Novel Therapeutic Windows

Overview

Journal Biomedicines

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2022 Sep 23

PMID 36140343

Authors

Antonio Giovanni Solimando

Donatello Marziliano

Domenico Ribatti

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Endothelial activation in infectious diseases plays a crucial role in understanding and predicting the outcomes and future treatments of several clinical conditions. COVID-19 is no exception. Moving from basic principles to novel approaches, an evolving view of endothelial activation provides insights into a better knowledge of the upstream actors in COVID-19 as a crucial future direction for managing SARS-CoV-2 and other infections. Assessing the function of resting and damaged endothelial cells in infection, particularly in COVID-19, five critical processes emerged controlling thrombo-resistance: vascular integrity, blood flow regulation, immune cell trafficking, angiogenesis and intussusceptive microvascular growth. Endothelial cell injury is associated with thrombosis, increased vessel contraction and a crucial phenomenon identified as intussusceptive microvascular growth, an unprecedented event of vessel splitting into two lumens through the integration of circulating pro-angiogenic cells. An essential awareness of endothelial cells and their phenotypic changes in COVID-19 inflammation is pivotal to understanding the vascular biology of infections and may offer crucial new therapeutic windows.

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