Neurogenetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Cannabinoids

Overview

Journal Epigenomes

Date 2022 Sep 22

PMID 36135314

Authors

Catherine A Dennen

Kenneth Blum

Abdalla Bowirrat

Jag Khalsa

Panayotis K Thanos

David Baron

Rajendra D Badgaiyan

Ashim Gupta

Eric R Braverman

Mark S Gold

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cannabis is one of the most commonly used and abused illicit drugs in the world today. The United States (US) currently has the highest annual prevalence rate of cannabis consumption in the world, 17.9% in individuals aged 12 or older, and it is on the rise. With increasing cannabis use comes the potential for an increase in abuse, and according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), approximately 5.1% of Americans had Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) in 2020. Research has shown that genetics and epigenetics play a significant role in cannabis use and CUD. In fact, approximately 50-70% of liability to CUD and 40-48% of cannabis use initiation have been found to be the result of genetic factors. Cannabis usage and CUD have also been linked to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) subsets like schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder. Comprehension of the genetic and epigenetic aspects of cannabinoids is necessary for future research, treatment plans, and the production of pure cannabinoid compounds, which will be essential for FDA approval. In conclusion, having a better understanding of the epigenetic and genetic underpinnings of cannabis use, CUD, and the endocannabinoid system as a whole will aid in the development of effective FDA-approved treatment therapies and the advancement of personalized medicine.

Citing Articles

Solving the Global Opioid Crisis: Incorporating Genetic Addiction Risk Assessment with Personalized Dopaminergic Homeostatic Therapy and Awareness Integration Therapy.

Zeine F, Jafari N, Baron D, Bowirrat A, Pinhasov A, Norling B J Addict Psychiatry. 2024; 8(1):50-95.

PMID: 39635461 PMC: 11615735.

Identification of stress-induced epigenetic methylation onto dopamine D2 gene and neurological and behavioral consequences.

Blum K, Bowirrat A, Baron D, Elman I, Makale M, Cadet J Gene Protein Dis. 2024; 3(1).

PMID: 38766604 PMC: 11100097. DOI: 10.36922/gpd.1966.

Light Cannabis Use and the Adolescent Brain: An 8-years Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health, Cognition, and Reward Processing.

Macedo I, Paiva T, Pasion R, Daedelow L, Heinz A, Magalhaes A Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2024; 241(7):1447-1461.

PMID: 38532040 PMC: 11199211. DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06575-z.

Are We Getting High Cause the Thrill is Gone?.

Blum K, Mclaughlin T, Gold M, Gondre-Lewis M, Thanos P, Elman I J Addict Psychiatry. 2024; 7(1):5-516.

PMID: 38164471 PMC: 10758019.

Perturbation of 3D nuclear architecture, epigenomic dysregulation and aging, and cannabinoid synaptopathy reconfigures conceptualization of cannabinoid pathophysiology: part 1-aging and epigenomics.

Reece A, Hulse G Front Psychiatry. 2023; 14:1182535.

PMID: 37732074 PMC: 10507876. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1182535.

References

Isir A, Baransel C, Nacak M . An Information Theoretical Study of the Epistasis Between the CNR1 1359 G/A Polymorphism and the Taq1A and Taq1B DRD2 Polymorphisms: Assessing the Susceptibility to Cannabis Addiction in a Turkish Population. J Mol Neurosci. 2016; 58(4):456-60. DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0721-z. View

Gerra M, Manfredini M, Cortese E, Antonioni M, Leonardi C, Magnelli F . Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Cannabis Use: Preliminary Results for the Role of Parental Care Perception. Subst Use Misuse. 2019; 54(4):670-680. PMC: 7643561. DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1531430. View

Blum K, Mclaughlin T, Bowirrat A, Modestino E, Baron D, Gomez L . Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Surprisingly Is Evolutionary and Found Everywhere: Is It "Blowin' in the Wind"?. J Pers Med. 2022; 12(2). PMC: 8875142. DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020321. View

Chayasirisobhon S . The Role of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders. Perm J. 2021; 25. PMC: 8817911. DOI: 10.7812/TPP/20.156. View

Hodgson K, Coleman J, Hagenaars S, Purves K, Glanville K, Choi S . Cannabis use, depression and self-harm: phenotypic and genetic relationships. Addiction. 2019; 115(3):482-492. DOI: 10.1111/add.14845. View

Figura M, Koziorowski D, Slawek J . Cannabis in Parkinson's Disease - the patient's perspective versus clinical trials: a systematic literature review. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2022; 56(1):21-27. DOI: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2022.0004. View

Ben Amar M . Cannabinoids in medicine: A review of their therapeutic potential. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 105(1-2):1-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.02.001. View

Burgdorf C, Jing D, Yang R, Huang C, Hill M, Mackie K . Endocannabinoid genetic variation enhances vulnerability to THC reward in adolescent female mice. Sci Adv. 2020; 6(7):eaay1502. PMC: 7015690. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay1502. View

Hurd Y, Manzoni O, Pletnikov M, Lee F, Bhattacharyya S, Melis M . Cannabis and the Developing Brain: Insights into Its Long-Lasting Effects. J Neurosci. 2019; 39(42):8250-8258. PMC: 6794936. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1165-19.2019. View

10.

Rong C, Lee Y, Carmona N, Cha D, Ragguett R, Rosenblat J . Cannabidiol in medical marijuana: Research vistas and potential opportunities. Pharmacol Res. 2017; 121:213-218. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.005. View

11.

Cooper Z, Abrams D, Gust S, Salicrup A, Throckmorton D . Challenges for Clinical Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2021; 2021(58):114-122. PMC: 8783595. DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgab009. View

12.

Blum K, Chen A, Braverman E, Comings D, Chen T, Arcuri V . Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009; 4(5):893-918. PMC: 2626918. DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s2627. View

13.

Goldschmidt L, Richardson G, Willford J, Severtson S, Day N . School achievement in 14-year-old youths prenatally exposed to marijuana. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2011; 34(1):161-7. PMC: 3260381. DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.08.009. View

14.

Basova L, Lukkes S, Milner R, Ellis R, Cherner M, Iudicello J . Polygenic networks in peripheral leukocytes indicate patterns associated with HIV infection and context-dependent effects of cannabis use. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2022; 20:100414. PMC: 8808072. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100414. View

15.

Pisanti S, Malfitano A, Ciaglia E, Lamberti A, Ranieri R, Cuomo G . Cannabidiol: State of the art and new challenges for therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Ther. 2017; 175:133-150. DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.041. View

16.

Melas P, Scherma M, Fratta W, Cifani C, Fadda P . Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety and Mood Disorders: Molecular Targets and Epigenetic Insights from Preclinical Research. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(4). PMC: 7917759. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041863. View

17.

Comings D, Muhleman D, Gade R, Johnson P, Verde R, SAUCIER G . Cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1): association with i.v. drug use. Mol Psychiatry. 1997; 2(2):161-8. DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000247. View

18.

Schacht J, Selling R, Hutchison K . Intermediate cannabis dependence phenotypes and the FAAH C385A variant: an exploratory analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008; 203(3):511-7. PMC: 2863054. DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1397-z. View

19.

Tafelski S, Hauser W, Schafer M . Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of cannabinoids for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting--a systematic review of systematic reviews. Schmerz. 2016; 30(1):14-24. DOI: 10.1007/s00482-015-0092-3. View

20.

Neville M, Johnstone E, Walton R . Identification and characterization of ANKK1: a novel kinase gene closely linked to DRD2 on chromosome band 11q23.1. Hum Mutat. 2004; 23(6):540-5. DOI: 10.1002/humu.20039. View