Integrated Longitudinal Analysis of Adult Grade 4 Diffuse Gliomas with Long-term Relapse Interval Revealed Upregulation of TGF-β Signaling in Recurrent Tumors

Overview

Journal Neuro Oncol

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialties Neurology
Oncology

Date 2022 Sep 20

PMID 36124685

Authors

Elham Kashani

Desiree Schnidrig

Ali Hashemi Gheinani

Martina Selina Ninck

Philipp Zens

Theoni Maragkou

Ulrich Baumgartner

Philippe Schucht

Gunnar Ratsch

Mark A Rubin

Sabina Berezowska

Charlotte K Y Ng

Erik Vassella

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Adult-type diffuse gliomas, CNS WHO grade 4 are the most aggressive primary brain tumors and represent a particular challenge for therapeutic intervention.

Methods: In a single-center retrospective study of matched pairs of initial and post-therapeutic glioma cases with a recurrence period greater than 1 year, we performed whole exome sequencing combined with mRNA and microRNA expression profiling to identify processes that are altered in recurrent gliomas.

Results: Mutational analysis of recurrent gliomas revealed early branching evolution in 75% of the patients. High plasticity was confirmed at the mRNA and miRNA levels. SBS1 signature was reduced and SBS11 was elevated, demonstrating the effect of alkylating agent therapy on the mutational landscape. There was no evidence for secondary genomic alterations driving therapy resistance. ALK7/ACVR1C and LTBP1 were upregulated, whereas LEFTY2 was downregulated, pointing towards enhanced Tumor Growth Factor β (TGF-β) signaling in recurrent gliomas. Consistently, altered microRNA expression profiles pointed towards enhanced Nuclear Factor Kappa B and Wnt signaling that, cooperatively with TGF-β, induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and stemness. TGF-β-induced expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and repression of antiapoptotic proteins were uncoupled in the recurrent tumor.

Conclusions: Our results suggest an important role of TGF-β signaling in recurrent gliomas. This may have clinical implications since TGF-β inhibitors have entered clinical phase studies and may potentially be used in combination therapy to interfere with chemoradiation resistance. Recurrent gliomas show high incidence of early branching evolution. High tumor plasticity is confirmed at the level of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles.

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