Alterations of Selected Serum Biochemical and Urinary Parameters in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathy

Overview

Journal Open Vet J

Specialty Veterinary Medicine

Date 2022 Sep 19

PMID 36118717

Authors

Eleonora Gori

Ilaria Lippi

Giulia Ansaldo

Paola Gianella

Francesca Perondi

Alessio Pierini

Veronica Marchetti

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: No specific study on concurrent nephropathy has been conducted in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE), except for soft-coated Wheaten Terriers. Moreover, limited information exists regarding the urinary profile in dogs with CE.

Aim: To describe, compare, and discuss the alterations in selected serum biochemical and urinary parameters in dogs with CE.

Methods: Multicentric retrospective study on dogs with CE diagnosed after exclusion of extra-gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, dogs with azotemia and lower urinary tract diseases were excluded. Information on canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) score, muscular condition score (MCS), presence of glycosuria, proteinuria [urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratio > 0.5], and/or cylindruria (>1-2 casts/hpf) at diagnosis were gleaned from the medical records. Dogs were retrospectively classified as food-responsive enteropathy, immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy, or nonresponsive enteropathy based on the presence of gastrointestinal histological inflammation and the treatment response. In addition, based on the serum albumin concentration (ALB), dogs were classified as having protein-losing enteropathy (PLE).

Results: Ninety CE dogs were included. Fifty-two dogs had mild-to-severely decreased MCS and 38 dogs showed altered urinary parameters. No significant associations were found between CCECAI and altered urinary parameters. No significant association was found between PLE dogs and altered urinary parameters. PLE dogs showed higher prevalence of proteinuria than non-PLE dogs ( = 0.03; OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1-6.8).

Conclusion: Despite the presence of altered urinary profile in dogs with CE, further studies are needed to explore a possible link between gastrointestinal and renal inflammation.

References

Allenspach K, Wieland B, Grone A, Gaschen F . Chronic enteropathies in dogs: evaluation of risk factors for negative outcome. J Vet Intern Med. 2007; 21(4):700-8. DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[700:ceideo]2.0.co;2. View

Jang H, Baek H, Kim J, Kim J, Lee Y, Cho H . Renal involvement in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Korean J Pediatr. 2018; 61(10):327-331. PMC: 6212711. DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.06485. View

Baumgart D, Carding S . Inflammatory bowel disease: cause and immunobiology. Lancet. 2007; 369(9573):1627-40. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60750-8. View

Luckschander N, Allenspach K, Hall J, Seibold F, Grone A, Doherr M . Perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody and response to treatment in diarrheic dogs with food responsive disease or inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Intern Med. 2006; 20(2):221-7. DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2006)20[221:pacaar]2.0.co;2. View

Sargent H, Elliott J, Jepson R . The new age of renal biomarkers: does SDMA solve all of our problems?. J Small Anim Pract. 2020; 62(2):71-81. DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13236. View

Yang T, Richards E, Pepine C, Raizada M . The gut microbiota and the brain-gut-kidney axis in hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018; 14(7):442-456. PMC: 6385605. DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0018-2. View

Rothfuss K, Stange E, Herrlinger K . Extraintestinal manifestations and complications in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(30):4819-31. PMC: 4087615. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i30.4819. View

Vaden S, Littman M, Cianciolo R . Familial renal disease in soft-coated wheaten terriers. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2013; 23(2):174-83. DOI: 10.1111/vec.12027. View

Dandrieux J . Inflammatory bowel disease versus chronic enteropathy in dogs: are they one and the same?. J Small Anim Pract. 2016; 57(11):589-599. DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12588. View

10.

Nakashima K, Hiyoshi S, Ohno K, Uchida K, Goto-Koshino Y, Maeda S . Prognostic factors in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy. Vet J. 2015; 205(1):28-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.05.001. View

11.

Rossi G, Pengo G, Caldin M, Piccionello A, Steiner J, Cohen N . Comparison of microbiological, histological, and immunomodulatory parameters in response to treatment with either combination therapy with prednisone and metronidazole or probiotic VSL#3 strains in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4):e94699. PMC: 3983225. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094699. View

12.

Hall J, Yerramilli M, Obare E, Yerramilli M, Melendez L, Jewell D . Relationship between lean body mass and serum renal biomarkers in healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2015; 29(3):808-14. PMC: 4895404. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12607. View

13.

Bragato N, Borges N, Fioravanti M . B-mode and Doppler ultrasound of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Vet Res Commun. 2017; 41(4):307-315. DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9694-9. View

14.

Minamoto Y, Minamoto T, Isaiah A, Sattasathuchana P, Buono A, Rangachari V . Fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and dysbiosis in dogs with chronic enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med. 2019; 33(4):1608-1618. PMC: 6639498. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15520. View

15.

Freeman L, Becvarova I, Cave N, MacKay C, Nguyen P, Rama B . WSAVA Nutritional Assessment Guidelines. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2013; 33(8):E1-9. View

16.

Anders H, Andersen K, Stecher B . The intestinal microbiota, a leaky gut, and abnormal immunity in kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2013; 83(6):1010-6. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.440. View

17.

Sirich T, Plummer N, Gardner C, Hostetter T, Meyer T . Effect of increasing dietary fiber on plasma levels of colon-derived solutes in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014; 9(9):1603-10. PMC: 4152802. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.00490114. View

18.

Greuter T, Vavricka S . Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease - epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 13(4):307-317. DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1574569. View

19.

Inoue K, Ishibe S . Podocyte endocytosis in the regulation of the glomerular filtration barrier. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2015; 309(5):F398-405. PMC: 4556893. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00136.2015. View

20.

Cerquetella M, Rossi G, Suchodolski J, Salavati Schmitz S, Allenspach K, Rodriguez-Franco F . Proposal for rational antibacterial use in the diagnosis and treatment of dogs with chronic diarrhoea. J Small Anim Pract. 2020; 61(4):211-215. PMC: 7079140. DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13122. View