Exploring the Identification of Multiple Bacteria on Stainless Steel Using Multi-scale Spectral Imaging from Microscopic to Macroscopic

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2022 Sep 14

PMID 36104368

Authors

Jun-Li Xu

Ana Herrero-Langreo

Sakshi Lamba

Mariateresa Ferone

Anastasia Swanson

Vicky Caponigro

Amalia G M Scannell

Aoife A Gowen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This work investigates non-contact reflectance spectral imaging techniques, i.e. microscopic Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging, macroscopic visible-near infrared (VNIR), and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral imaging, for the identification of bacteria on stainless steel. Spectral images of two Gram-positive (GP) bacteria (Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)), and three Gram-negative (GN) bacteria (Escherichia coli (EC), Cronobacter sakazakii (CS), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF)), were collected from dried suspensions of bacterial cells dropped onto stainless steel surfaces. Through the use of multiple independent biological replicates for model validation and testing, FTIR reflectance spectral imaging was found to provide excellent GP/GN classification accuracy (> 96%), while the fused VNIR-SWIR data yielded classification accuracy exceeding 80% when applied to the independent test sets. However, classification within gram type was far less reliable, with lower accuracies for classification within the GP (< 75%) and GN (≤ 51%) species when calibration models were applied to the independent test sets, underlining the importance of independent model validation when dealing with samples of high biological variability.

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