A Novel Porcine Model of CLN2 Batten Disease That Recapitulates Patient Phenotypes

CLN2 Batten disease is a lysosomal disorder in which pathogenic variants in CLN2 lead to reduced activity in the enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase 1. The disease typically manifests around 2 to 4 years of age with developmental delay, ataxia, seizures, inability to speak and walk, and fatality between 6 and 12 years of age. Multiple Cln2 mouse models exist to better understand the etiology of the disease; however, these models are unable to adequately recapitulate the disease due to differences in anatomy and physiology, limiting their utility for therapeutic testing. Here, we describe a new CLN2 porcine model of CLN2 disease. We present comprehensive characterization showing behavioral, pathological, and visual phenotypes that recapitulate those seen in CLN2 patients. CLN2 miniswine present with gait abnormalities at 6 months of age, ERG waveform declines at 6-9 months, vision loss at 11 months, cognitive declines at 12 months, seizures by 15 months, and early death at 18 months due to failure to thrive. CLN2 miniswine also showed classic storage material accumulation and glial activation in the brain at 6 months, and cortical atrophy at 12 months. Thus, the CLN2 miniswine model is a valuable resource for biomarker discovery and therapeutic development in CLN2 disease.