Smart Apparel Using Nano Graphitic Carbon Nitride/PVA in a Cotton Cloth for Military Application

Overview

Journal Heliyon

Specialty Social Sciences

Date 2022 Sep 9

PMID 36082337

Authors

Srimathi Krishnaswamy

Puspamitra Panigrahi

Praseetha Prabhakaran Kala

Sharon Sofini

Ganapathi Subramanian Nagarajan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

An eco-friendly, low-cost smart attire was made of metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) as a semiconductor material in a biodegradable synthetic polymer (polyvinyl alcohol) and cotton material. Various concentrations such as 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.2 weight percentage of GCN is entrenched in PVA. UV absorption spectra displayed two peaks, one matching PVA (317 nm) and the other excitonic peak of GCN (390 nm).0.2% GCN in PVA showed a low bandgap (2.84 eV) harnessing maximum solar light. Due to the charge transfer mechanism, enhanced blue emission at 450 nm was observed for the higher concentration of graphitic carbon nitride. Due to more defect centers of higher weight percentage of GCN, higher electrical conductivity (7.6462 × 10 S/cm) and optical conductivity (0.113 S) were noticed. Due to the higher conductivity of 5GCN, it was embedded with cotton fabric. The fabricated smart apparel can be used to manufacture flexible, lightweight, eco-friendly optoelectronic devices. Further, according to literature, GCN possesses high antibacterial activity, hence it can serve as clothing for the military and medical community.

Citing Articles

Structural and Optical Characterization of g-CN Nanosheet Integrated PVC/PVP Polymer Nanocomposites.

Alshammari A, Alshammari K, Alshammari M, Mohaymen Taha T Polymers (Basel). 2023; 15(4).

PMID: 36850153 PMC: 9967550. DOI: 10.3390/polym15040871.

References

Kang S, Park G, Kim K, Hwang S, Cheng H, Shin J . Dissolution chemistry and biocompatibility of silicon- and germanium-based semiconductors for transient electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015; 7(17):9297-305. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02526. View

Hayat A, Shaishta N, Baburao Mane S, Hayat A, Khan J, Rehman A . Molecular engineering of polymeric carbon nitride based Donor-Acceptor conjugated copolymers for enhanced photocatalytic full water splitting. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2019; 560:743-754. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.088. View

Karthikeyan B, Pandiyarajan T, Mangalaraja R . Enhanced blue light emission in transparent ZnO:PVA nanocomposite free standing polymer films. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2015; 152:485-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.053. View

Zhang J, Zhang M, Lin L, Wang X . Sol processing of conjugated carbon nitride powders for thin-film fabrication. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2015; 54(21):6297-301. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501001. View

Yan S, Li Z, Zou Z . Photodegradation performance of g-C3N4 fabricated by directly heating melamine. Langmuir. 2009; 25(17):10397-401. DOI: 10.1021/la900923z. View

Hayat A, Raziq F, Khan M, Khan J, Baburao Mane S, Ahmad A . Fusion of conjugated bicyclic co-polymer within polymeric carbon nitride for high photocatalytic performance. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2019; 554:627-639. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.048. View

Zhou M, Liu H, Venkiteshwaran A, Kilduff J, Anderson D, Langer R . High throughput discovery of new fouling-resistant surfaces. J Mater Chem. 2017; 21(3):693-704. PMC: 5308054. DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01266a. View

Hayat A, Shaishta N, Baburao Mane S, Khan J, Hayat A . Rational Ionothermal Copolymerization of TCNQ with PCN Semiconductor for Enhanced Photocatalytic Full Water Splitting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019; 11(50):46756-46766. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15537. View

Mahanta N, Valiyaveettil S . Surface modified electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for extracting nanoparticles from water. Nanoscale. 2011; 3(11):4625-31. DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10739a. View

10.

Wang Y, Wang X, Antonietti M . Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride as a heterogeneous organocatalyst: from photochemistry to multipurpose catalysis to sustainable chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011; 51(1):68-89. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101182. View

11.

Sun J, Yuan Y, Qiu L, Jiang X, Xie A, Shen Y . Fabrication of composite photocatalyst g-C3N4-ZnO and enhancement of photocatalytic activity under visible light. Dalton Trans. 2012; 41(22):6756-63. DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12474b. View

12.

Li Z, Wang Z . Air/Liquid-pressure and heartbeat-driven flexible fiber nanogenerators as a micro/nano-power source or diagnostic sensor. Adv Mater. 2010; 23(1):84-9. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003161. View

13.

Bojdys M, Muller J, Antonietti M, Thomas A . Ionothermal synthesis of crystalline, condensed, graphitic carbon nitride. Chemistry. 2008; 14(27):8177-82. DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800190. View

14.

Nemati D, Ashjari M, Rashedi H, Yazdian F, Navaei-Nigjeh M . PVA based nanofiber containing cellulose modified with graphitic carbon nitride/nettles/trachyspermum accelerates wound healing. Biotechnol Prog. 2021; 37(6):e3200. DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3200. View

15.

Zhang Y, Liu J, Wu G, Chen W . Porous graphitic carbon nitride synthesized via direct polymerization of urea for efficient sunlight-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production. Nanoscale. 2012; 4(17):5300-3. DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30948c. View

16.

Yoon J, Han J, Choi B, Lee Y, Kim Y, Park J . Three-Dimensional Printed Poly(vinyl alcohol) Substrate with Controlled On-Demand Degradation for Transient Electronics. ACS Nano. 2018; 12(6):6006-6012. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02244. View

17.

Wu D, Long M . Realizing visible-light-induced self-cleaning property of cotton through coating N-TiO2 film and loading AgI particles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011; 3(12):4770-4. DOI: 10.1021/am201251d. View