The Binding Ability of Mercury (Hg) to Photosystem I and II Explained the Difference in Its Toxicity on the Two Photosystems of

Overview

Journal Toxics

Date 2022 Aug 25

PMID 36006134

Authors

Shuzhi Wang

Jia Duo

Rehemanjiang Wufuer

Wenfeng Li

Xiangliang Pan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Mercury (Hg) poses high toxicity to organisms including algae. Studies showed that the growth and photosynthesis of green algae such as Chlorella are vulnerable to Hg stress. However, the differences between the activities and tolerance of photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII) of green microalgae under Hg exposure are still little known. Responses of quantum yields and electron transport rates (ETRs) of PSI and PSII of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to 0.05−1 mg/L Hg2+ were simultaneously measured for the first time by using the Dual-PAM-100 system. The photosystems were isolated to analyze the characteristics of toxicity of Hg during the binding process. The inhibition of Hg2+ on growth and photosystems was found. PSII was more seriously affected by Hg2+ than PSI. After Hg2+ exposure, the photochemical quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] decreased with the increase in non-photochemical fluorescence quenching [Y(NO) and Y(NPQ)]. The toxic effects of Hg on the photochemical quantum yield and ETR in PSI were lower than those of PSII. The stimulation of cyclic electron yield (CEF) was essential for the stability and protection of PSI under Hg stress and played an important role in the induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The results showed a strong combination ability of Hg ions and photosystem particles. The number of the binding sites (n) of Hg on PSII was more than that of PSI, which may explain the different toxicity of Hg on PSII and PSI.

References

Deng C, Zhang D, Pan X, Chang F, Wang S . Toxic effects of mercury on PSI and PSII activities, membrane potential and transthylakoid proton gradient in Microsorium pteropus. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2013; 127:1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.012. View

Alengebawy A, Taha Abdelkhalek S, Qureshi S, Wang M . Heavy Metals and Pesticides Toxicity in Agricultural Soil and Plants: Ecological Risks and Human Health Implications. Toxics. 2021; 9(3). PMC: 7996329. DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030042. View

Suresh Kumar K, Dahms H, Lee J, Kim H, Lee W, Shin K . Algal photosynthetic responses to toxic metals and herbicides assessed by chlorophyll a fluorescence. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2014; 104:51-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.042. View

Shi D, Li D, Zhang Y, Li X, Tao Y, Yan Z . Effects of Pseudomonas alkylphenolica KL28 on immobilization of Hg in soil and accumulation of Hg in cultivated plant. Biotechnol Lett. 2019; 41(11):1343-1354. DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02736-9. View

Cullen M, Ray N, Husain S, Nugent J, Nield J, Purton S . A highly active histidine-tagged Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Photosystem II preparation for structural and biophysical analysis. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2007; 6(11):1177-83. DOI: 10.1039/b708611n. View

Canonico M, Konert G, Crepin A, Sediva B, Kana R . Gradual Response of Cyanobacterial Thylakoids to Acute High-Light Stress-Importance of Carotenoid Accumulation. Cells. 2021; 10(8). PMC: 8393233. DOI: 10.3390/cells10081916. View

Lin Y, Vogt R, Larssen T . Environmental mercury in China: a review. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2012; 31(11):2431-44. DOI: 10.1002/etc.1980. View

Wang S, Pan X . Effects of Sb(V) on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence of Microcystis aeruginosa (FACHB-905). Curr Microbiol. 2012; 65(6):733-41. DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0221-5. View

Basu N . The Minamata Convention on Mercury and the role for the environmental sciences community. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2018; 37(12):2951-2952. DOI: 10.1002/etc.4269. View

10.

Wang Q, Wang X, Wang Y, Hou Y . Evaluation and analysis of the toxicity of mercury (Hg) to allophycocyanin from Spirulina platensis in vitro. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022; 29(51):76881-76889. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21190-1. View

11.

Zhang T, Lu Q, Su C, Yang Y, Hu D, Xu Q . Mercury induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and activation of antioxidative system and Hsp70 induction in duckweed (Lemna minor). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017; 143:46-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.058. View

12.

Munekage Y, Hojo M, Meurer J, Endo T, Tasaka M, Shikanai T . PGR5 is involved in cyclic electron flow around photosystem I and is essential for photoprotection in Arabidopsis. Cell. 2002; 110(3):361-71. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00867-x. View

13.

Barregard L, Fabricius-Lagging E, Lundh T, Molne J, Wallin M, Olausson M . Cadmium, mercury, and lead in kidney cortex of living kidney donors: Impact of different exposure sources. Environ Res. 2009; 110(1):47-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.010. View

14.

Baron-Sola A, Toledo-Basantes M, Arana-Gandia M, Martinez F, Ortega-Villasante C, Ducic T . Synchrotron Radiation-Fourier Transformed Infrared microspectroscopy (μSR-FTIR) reveals multiple metabolism alterations in microalgae induced by cadmium and mercury. J Hazard Mater. 2021; 419:126502. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126502. View

15.

Panda S, Panda S . Effect of mercury ion on the stability of the lipid-protein complex of isolated chloroplasts. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2009; 46(5):405-8. View

16.

Wu Y, Zeng Y, Qu J, Wang W . Mercury effects on Thalassiosira weissflogii: applications of two-photon excitation chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime imaging and flow cytometry. Aquat Toxicol. 2012; 110-111:133-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.01.003. View

17.

Nowicka B . Heavy metal-induced stress in eukaryotic algae-mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022; 29(12):16860-16911. PMC: 8873139. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18419-w. View

18.

Marco P, Elman T, Yacoby I . Binding of ferredoxin NADP oxidoreductase (FNR) to plant photosystem I. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg. 2019; 1860(9):689-698. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.007. View

19.

Clijsters H, Van Assche F . Inhibition of photosynthesis by heavy metals. Photosynth Res. 2014; 7(1):31-40. DOI: 10.1007/BF00032920. View

20.

Shen J, Li X, Zhu X, Ding Z, Huang X, Chen X . Molecular and Photosynthetic Performance in the Yellow Leaf Mutant of According to Transcriptome Sequencing, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Modulated 820 nm Reflection. Cells. 2022; 11(3). PMC: 8834079. DOI: 10.3390/cells11030431. View