Direct-acting Antiviral Treatment Uptake and Sustained Virological Response Outcomes Are Not Affected by Alcohol Use: A CANUHC analysis

Background: Alcohol use and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are two leading causes of liver disease. Alcohol use is prevalent among the HCV-infected population and accelerates the progression of HCV-related liver disease. Despite barriers to care faced by HCV-infected patients who use alcohol, few studies have analyzed uptake of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment.

Objective: We compared rates of treatment uptake and sustained virological response (SVR) between patients with and without alcohol use.

Methods: Prospective data were obtained from the Canadian Network Undertaking against Hepatitis C (CANUHC) cohort. Consenting patients assessed for DAA treatment between January 2016 and December 2019 were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without alcohol use by means of -tests, χ tests, and Fisher's Exact Tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine predictors of SVR and treatment initiation.

Results: Current alcohol use was reported for 217 of 725 (30%) patients. The proportion of patients initiating DAA treatment did not vary by alcohol use status (82% versus 83%;  = 0.99). SVR rate was similar between patients with alcohol use and patients without alcohol use (92% versus 94%;  = 0.45). Univariate and multivariate analysis found no association between alcohol use and SVR or treatment initiation.

Conclusion: Patients engaged in HCV treatment have highly favourable treatment uptake and outcomes regardless of alcohol use. Public health interventions should be directed toward facilitating access to care for all patients irrespective of alcohol use. Research into high-level alcohol use and DAA outcomes is needed.