A Retrospective Study of Risk Factors for Early-onset Neonatal Sepsis with Intrapartum Maternal Fever

Background: Intrapartum fever is a well-known risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the clinical features for intrapartum maternal fever and investigated the risk factors for neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) with intrapartum maternal fever.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved a total of 568 neonates born to mothers with intrapartum maternal fever (temperature peak ≥38 degree Celsius) in Hangzhou Women's Hospital from January 1st to December 31st, 2019. Neonates were assigned to the EOS and non-sepsis groups based on the diagnostic criteria for early-onset neonatal sepsis,. Demographic data, clinical information and laboratory test results were evaluated to assess the risk factors for EOS.

Results: A total of 568 neonates were included in this study, 84 of whom were diagnosed with EOS. The EOS group was significantly different from the non-sepsis group in 11 items including the both white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) level of the mother before delivery ( < 0.05). A logistic regression analysis revealed that a high maternal WBC count before delivery (OR = 3.261,  = 0.019) and a maternal histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) diagnosis (OR = 5.608,  = 0.002) were independent risk factors for EOS. The optimal cut-off value for WBC (before delivery) was 16.75 × 10*/L for EOS, according to receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under curve was 0.821).

Conclusions: Elevated prenatal maternal WBC counts and maternal HCA diagnosis are both independently associated with EOS. Prenatal maternal WBC counts can be used as a sensitive indicator to predict EOS early.