Protection of Omicron Sub-lineage Infection Against Reinfection with Another Omicron Sub-lineage

Overview

Journal Nat Commun

Specialty Biology

Date 2022 Aug 9

PMID 35945213

Authors

Hiam Chemaitelly

Houssein H Ayoub

Peter Coyle

Patrick Tang

Hadi M Yassine

Hebah A Al-Khatib

Maria K Smatti

Mohammad R Hasan

Zaina Al-Kanaani

Einas Al-Kuwari

Andrew Jeremijenko

Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal

Ali Nizar Latif

Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik

Hanan F Abdul-Rahim

Gheyath K Nasrallah

Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari

Adeel A Butt

Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi

Mohamed H Al-Thani

Abdullatif Al-Khal

Roberto Bertollini

Laith J Abu-Raddad

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

There is significant genetic distance between SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant BA.1 and BA.2 sub-lineages. This study investigates immune protection of infection with one sub-lineage against reinfection with the other sub-lineage in Qatar during a large BA.1 and BA.2 Omicron wave, from December 19, 2021 to March 21, 2022. Two national matched, retrospective cohort studies are conducted to estimate effectiveness of BA.1 infection against reinfection with BA.2 (N = 20,994; BA.1-against-BA.2 study), and effectiveness of BA.2 infection against reinfection with BA.1 (N = 110,315; BA.2-against-BA.1 study). Associations are estimated using Cox proportional-hazards regression models after multiple imputation to assign a sub-lineage status for cases with no sub-lineage status (using probabilities based on the test date). Effectiveness of BA.1 infection against reinfection with BA.2 is estimated at 94.2% (95% CI: 89.2-96.9%). Effectiveness of BA.2 infection against reinfection with BA.1 is estimated at 80.9% (95% CI: 73.1-86.4%). Infection with the BA.1 sub-lineage appears to induce strong, but not full immune protection against reinfection with the BA.2 sub-lineage, and vice versa, for at least several weeks after the initial infection.

Citing Articles

Differential protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection pre- and post-Omicron.

Chemaitelly H, Ayoub H, Coyle P, Tang P, Hasan M, Yassine H Nature. 2025; .

PMID: 39910292 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08511-9.

Comparison of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster immunization containing additional antigens to a spike-based mRNA vaccine against Omicron BA.5 infection in hACE2 mice.

Hurst J, Naghibosadat M, Budowski P, Liu J, Samaan P, Budiman F PLoS One. 2024; 19(12):e0314061.

PMID: 39625929 PMC: 11614295. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314061.

Planning and adjusting the COVID-19 booster vaccination campaign to reduce disease burden.

Di Domenico L, Goldberg Y, Colizza V Infect Dis Model. 2024; 10(1):150-162.

PMID: 39380724 PMC: 11459620. DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2024.09.002.

A data science pipeline applied to Australia's 2022 COVID-19 Omicron waves.

Trauer J, Hughes A, Shipman D, Meehan M, Henderson A, McBryde E Infect Dis Model. 2024; 10(1):99-109.

PMID: 39364337 PMC: 11447346. DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2024.08.005.

BNT162b2 Versus mRNA-1273 Vaccines: Comparative Analysis of Long-Term Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe COVID-19 in Qatar.

Chemaitelly H, Ayoub H, Coyle P, Tang P, Hasan M, Yassine H Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2024; 18(10):e13357.

PMID: 39343986 PMC: 11439586. DOI: 10.1111/irv.13357.

References

Chemaitelly H, Tang P, Hasan M, Almukdad S, Yassine H, Benslimane F . Waning of BNT162b2 Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar. N Engl J Med. 2021; 385(24):e83. PMC: 8522799. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2114114. View

Abu-Raddad L, Chemaitelly H, Malek J, Ahmed A, Mohamoud Y, Younuskunju S . Two prolonged viremic SARS-CoV-2 infections with conserved viral genome for two months. Infect Genet Evol. 2020; 88:104684. PMC: 7759339. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104684. View

Abu-Raddad L, Chemaitelly H, Ayoub H, Coyle P, Malek J, Ahmed A . Introduction and expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant and reinfections in Qatar: A nationally representative cohort study. PLoS Med. 2021; 18(12):e1003879. PMC: 8726501. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003879. View

Planas D, Saunders N, Maes P, Guivel-Benhassine F, Planchais C, Buchrieser J . Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization. Nature. 2022; 602(7898):671-675. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04389-z. View

Baden L, El Sahly H, Essink B, Kotloff K, Frey S, Novak R . Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020; 384(5):403-416. PMC: 7787219. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2035389. View

Abu-Raddad L, Chemaitelly H, Ayoub H, Almukdad S, Yassine H, Al-Khatib H . Effect of mRNA Vaccine Boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Qatar. N Engl J Med. 2022; 386(19):1804-1816. PMC: 8929389. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2200797. View

Ayoub H, Chemaitelly H, Seedat S, Makhoul M, Al Kanaani Z, Al Khal A . Mathematical modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Qatar and its impact on the national response to COVID-19. J Glob Health. 2021; 11:05005. PMC: 7897910. DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.05005. View

Chemaitelly H, Bertollini R, Abu-Raddad L . Efficacy of Natural Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection with the Beta Variant. N Engl J Med. 2021; 385(27):2585-2586. PMC: 8693689. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2110300. View

Abu-Raddad L, Chemaitelly H, Malek J, Ahmed A, Mohamoud Y, Younuskunju S . Assessment of the Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection in an Intense Reexposure Setting. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 73(7):e1830-e1840. PMC: 7799253. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1846. View

10.

Ayoub H, Tomy M, Chemaitelly H, Altarawneh H, Coyle P, Tang P . Estimating protection afforded by prior infection in preventing reinfection: applying the test-negative study design. Am J Epidemiol. 2023; 193(6):883-897. PMC: 11145912. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad239. View

11.

Altarawneh H, Chemaitelly H, Hasan M, Ayoub H, Qassim S, Almukdad S . Protection against the Omicron Variant from Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection. N Engl J Med. 2022; 386(13):1288-1290. PMC: 8849180. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2200133. View

12.

Pilz S, Theiler-Schwetz V, Trummer C, Krause R, Ioannidis J . SARS-CoV-2 reinfections: Overview of efficacy and duration of natural and hybrid immunity. Environ Res. 2022; 209:112911. PMC: 8824301. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112911. View

13.

Feikin D, Higdon M, Abu-Raddad L, Andrews N, Araos R, Goldberg Y . Duration of effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: results of a systematic review and meta-regression. Lancet. 2022; 399(10328):924-944. PMC: 8863502. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00152-0. View

14.

Abu-Raddad L, Chemaitelly H, Butt A . Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants. N Engl J Med. 2021; 385(2):187-189. PMC: 8117967. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2104974. View

15.

Peto T . COVID-19: Rapid antigen detection for SARS-CoV-2 by lateral flow assay: A national systematic evaluation of sensitivity and specificity for mass-testing. EClinicalMedicine. 2021; 36:100924. PMC: 8164528. DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100924. View

16.

Chemaitelly H, Yassine H, Benslimane F, Al Khatib H, Tang P, Hasan M . mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants and severe COVID-19 disease in Qatar. Nat Med. 2021; 27(9):1614-1621. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01446-y. View

17.

Kojima N, Shrestha N, Klausner J . A Systematic Review of the Protective Effect of Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Repeat Infection. Eval Health Prof. 2021; 44(4):327-332. PMC: 8564250. DOI: 10.1177/01632787211047932. View

18.

Al-Thani M, Farag E, Bertollini R, Al Romaihi H, Abdeen S, Abdelkarim A . SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is at Herd Immunity in the Majority Segment of the Population of Qatar. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021; 8(8):ofab221. PMC: 8135898. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab221. View

19.

Abu-Raddad L, Chemaitelly H, Yassine H, Benslimane F, Al Khatib H, Tang P . Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine protection against variants of concern after one versus two doses. J Travel Med. 2021; 28(7). PMC: 8194836. DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab083. View

20.

Andrews N, Stowe J, Kirsebom F, Toffa S, Rickeard T, Gallagher E . Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant. N Engl J Med. 2022; 386(16):1532-1546. PMC: 8908811. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2119451. View