Risk Factors Influencing Seroconversion After Inactive SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in People Living with Obesity

Overview

Journal Obes Facts

Publisher Karger

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2022 Aug 3

PMID 35921804

Authors

Zehra Kara

Ruveyda Akcin

Ahmet Numan Demir

Harika Oyku Dinc

Bekir Kocazeybek

Volkan Demirhan Yumuk

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens and the risk factors affecting antibody levels in people living with obesity (PwO) after inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) administration.

Methods: 169 consecutive patients with obesity who visited the Center for Obesity Management at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Hospitals, between May and August 2021, were invited to the study. The nonobese control group was recruited from 191 subjects who visited the Cerrahpaşa Hospitals Vaccination Unit. The study group and the nonobese control group have already received two doses of inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG nucleocapsid antibody test was administered to patients and control subjects to discover those who had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Forty-one patients who had prior infection and received two doses of vaccine were also included in the study as a subgroup. Blood samples were taken on the 3rd to 4th week after the second vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were determined by quantitative serological methods.

Results: Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen of individuals with BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 were significantly lower than those with BMI <30 kg/m2 (p = 0.001) in the study group. Moreover, the antibody titers in people with BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 were significantly lower than in those having a BMI <30.0 kg/m2 in the subgroup (p = 0.03). Age (p = 0.03), BMI (p = 0.006), and hypertension (p = 0.03) were found to be independent risk factors for antibody response in PwO. Women with non-prior SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a significantly higher antibody response then men (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2-Immunoglobulin G antibody levels against inactive (CoronaVac) vaccine were found to be lower in PwO compared to nonobese individuals. Antibody titers may be measured, and booster doses should be delivered accordingly in PwO for optimal protection.

Citing Articles

Obesity does not influence SARS-CoV-2 humoral vaccine immunogenicity.

DSouza M, Keeshan A, Gravel C, Langlois M, Cooper C NPJ Vaccines. 2024; 9(1):226.

PMID: 39557875 PMC: 11574036. DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-01022-8.

Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 evoked by heterologous vaccination groups using the CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccines in Chile.

Diaz-Dinamarca D, Diaz P, Barra G, Puentes R, Arata L, Grossolli J Front Public Health. 2023; 11:1229045.

PMID: 37693706 PMC: 10483147. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229045.

Systemic immunometabolism and responses to vaccines: insights from T and B cell perspectives.

Nettelfield S, Yu D, Canete P Int Immunol. 2023; 35(12):571-582.

PMID: 37330692 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad021.

SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persist up to 12 months after natural infection in healthy employees working in non-medical contact-intensive professions.

Mioch D, Vanbrabant L, Reimerink J, Kuiper S, Lodder E, van den Bijllaardt W Int J Infect Dis. 2022; 126:155-163.

PMID: 36436751 PMC: 9686051. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.025.

Seroconversion after Inactive SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Obesity: Correspondence.

Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V Obes Facts. 2022; 15(6):787.

PMID: 36349794 PMC: 9801370. DOI: 10.1159/000527753.

References

Michalakis K, Ilias I . SARS-CoV-2 infection and obesity: Common inflammatory and metabolic aspects. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020; 14(4):469-471. PMC: 7189186. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.033. View

Zimmermann P, Curtis N . Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019; 32(2). PMC: 6431125. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18. View

Sheridan P, Paich H, Handy J, Karlsson E, Hudgens M, Sammon A . Obesity is associated with impaired immune response to influenza vaccination in humans. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011; 36(8):1072-7. PMC: 3270113. DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.208. View

Goossens G, Dicker D, Farpour-Lambert N, Fruhbeck G, Mullerova D, Woodward E . Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity. Obes Facts. 2020; 13(4):439-452. PMC: 7490508. DOI: 10.1159/000510719. View

Kwetkat A, Heppner H . Comorbidities in the Elderly and Their Possible Influence on Vaccine Response. Interdiscip Top Gerontol Geriatr. 2020; 43:73-85. DOI: 10.1159/000504491. View

Mok C, Cohen C, Cheng S, Chen C, Kwok K, Yiu K . Comparison of the immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines in Hong Kong. Respirology. 2021; 27(4):301-310. PMC: 8934254. DOI: 10.1111/resp.14191. View

Dicker D, Bettini S, Farpour-Lambert N, Fruhbeck G, Golan R, Goossens G . Obesity and COVID-19: The Two Sides of the Coin. Obes Facts. 2020; 13(4):430-438. PMC: 7841065. DOI: 10.1159/000510005. View

Butsch W, Hajduk A, Cardel M, Donahoo W, Kyle T, Stanford F . COVID-19 vaccines are effective in people with obesity: A position statement from The Obesity Society. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021; 29(10):1575-1579. PMC: 8441899. DOI: 10.1002/oby.23251. View

Takahashi T, Ellingson M, Wong P, Israelow B, Lucas C, Klein J . Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes. Nature. 2020; 588(7837):315-320. PMC: 7725931. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2700-3. View

10.

Fischinger S, Boudreau C, Butler A, Streeck H, Alter G . Sex differences in vaccine-induced humoral immunity. Semin Immunopathol. 2018; 41(2):239-249. PMC: 6373179. DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0726-5. View

11.

Derhovanessian E, Pawelec G . Vaccination in the elderly. Microb Biotechnol. 2011; 5(2):226-32. PMC: 3815782. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00283.x. View

12.

. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2001; 894:i-xii, 1-253. View

13.

Dicker D, Golan R, Baker J, Busetto L, Fruhbeck G, Goossens G . Vaccinating People with Obesity for COVID-19: EASO Call for Action. Obes Facts. 2021; 14(3):334-335. PMC: 8255639. DOI: 10.1159/000516524. View

14.

Hotamisligil G . Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006; 444(7121):860-7. DOI: 10.1038/nature05485. View

15.

Giefing-Kroll C, Berger P, Lepperdinger G, Grubeck-Loebenstein B . How sex and age affect immune responses, susceptibility to infections, and response to vaccination. Aging Cell. 2015; 14(3):309-21. PMC: 4406660. DOI: 10.1111/acel.12326. View

16.

Yu H, Feng Z, Uyeki T, Liao Q, Zhou L, Feng L . Risk factors for severe illness with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52(4):457-65. PMC: 3060897. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciq144. View

17.

Ryan P, Caplice N . Is Adipose Tissue a Reservoir for Viral Spread, Immune Activation, and Cytokine Amplification in Coronavirus Disease 2019?. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020; 28(7):1191-1194. PMC: 7264526. DOI: 10.1002/oby.22843. View

18.

Parameswaran K, Todd D, Soth M . Altered respiratory physiology in obesity. Can Respir J. 2006; 13(4):203-10. PMC: 2683280. DOI: 10.1155/2006/834786. View

19.

Westheim A, Bitorina A, Theys J, Shiri-Sverdlov R . COVID-19 infection, progression, and vaccination: Focus on obesity and related metabolic disturbances. Obes Rev. 2021; 22(10):e13313. PMC: 8420274. DOI: 10.1111/obr.13313. View

20.

Louie J, Acosta M, Samuel M, Schechter R, Vugia D, Harriman K . A novel risk factor for a novel virus: obesity and 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1). Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52(3):301-12. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciq152. View