The Activity of PHMB and Other Guanidino Containing Compounds Against and Other Ocular Pathogens

Overview

Journal Microorganisms

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2022 Jul 27

PMID 35889094

Authors

Dharanga Ratnayake

Michael Ansah

Enas Al Ani

Wayne Heaselgrave

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In recent years, a rise in the number of contact lens users in the UK and worldwide coincided with an increased incidence of microbial keratitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), polyaminopropyl biguanide (PAPB), and guazatine in comparison to the common contact lens disinfectant constituent, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). The study investigated these compounds against a broad range of organisms, including Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. This study demonstrated that PHMG, PAPB, and guazatine are equal in activity to PHMB against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. PHMG and PAPB are also equal in activity to PHMB against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, whereas PHMG shows significantly better activity than PHMB against C. albicans (p < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effectiveness of PHMB, PHMG, PAPB, and guazatine against Acanthamoeba and other ocular pathogens. As alternatives to PHMB, these compounds warrant further investigation for inclusion in contact lens solutions and for the treatment of keratitis.

Citing Articles

New Frontiers in Keratitis Diagnosis and Management.

Shareef O, Shareef S, Saeed H Biology (Basel). 2023; 12(12).

PMID: 38132315 PMC: 10740828. DOI: 10.3390/biology12121489.

Guanidine-Containing Antifungal Agents against Human-Relevant Fungal Pathogens (2004-2022)-A Review.

Baugh S J Fungi (Basel). 2022; 8(10).

PMID: 36294650 PMC: 9605545. DOI: 10.3390/jof8101085.

References

Messick C, Pendland S, Moshirfar M, Fiscella R, Losnedahl K, Schriever C . In-vitro activity of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) against fungal isolates associated with infective keratitis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999; 44(2):297-8. DOI: 10.1093/jac/44.2.297. View

Ung L, Bispo P, Shanbhag S, Gilmore M, Chodosh J . The persistent dilemma of microbial keratitis: Global burden, diagnosis, and antimicrobial resistance. Surv Ophthalmol. 2018; 64(3):255-271. PMC: 7021355. DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.12.003. View

Kamaruzzaman N, Chong S, Edmondson-Brown K, Ntow-Boahene W, Bardiau M, Good L . Bactericidal and Anti-biofilm Effects of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide in Models of Intracellular and Biofilm of Isolated from Bovine Mastitis. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8:1518. PMC: 5554503. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01518. View

Heaselgrave W, Andrew P, Kilvington S . Acidified nitrite enhances hydrogen peroxide disinfection of Acanthamoeba, bacteria and fungi. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010; 65(6):1207-14. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq075. View

Dreassi E, Zizzari A, DArezzo S, Visca P, Botta M . Analysis of guazatine mixture by LC and LC-MS and antimycotic activity determination of principal components. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2006; 43(4):1499-506. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.10.029. View

Moore L, Ledder R, Gilbert P, McBain A . In vitro study of the effect of cationic biocides on bacterial population dynamics and susceptibility. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008; 74(15):4825-34. PMC: 2519354. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00573-08. View

Heaselgrave W, Hamad A, Coles S, Hau S . In Vitro Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effect of Topical Ophthalmic Agents on Viability. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2019; 8(5):17. PMC: 6761907. DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.5.17. View

Papa V, van der Meulen I, Rottey S, Sallet G, Overweel J, Asero N . Safety and tolerability of topical polyhexamethylene biguanide: a randomised clinical trial in healthy adult volunteers. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020; 106(2):190-196. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317848. View

Lim C, Carnt N, Farook M, Lam J, Tan D, Mehta J . Risk factors for contact lens-related microbial keratitis in Singapore. Eye (Lond). 2015; 30(3):447-55. PMC: 4791703. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.250. View

10.

Perez-Santonja J, Kilvington S, Hughes R, Tufail A, Matheson M, Dart J . Persistently culture positive acanthamoeba keratitis: in vivo resistance and in vitro sensitivity. Ophthalmology. 2003; 110(8):1593-600. DOI: 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00481-0. View

11.

Kilvington S, Lam A . Development of standardized methods for assessing biocidal efficacy of contact lens care solutions against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54(7):4527-37. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-11927. View

12.

Elder M, Kilvington S, Dart J . A clinicopathologic study of in vitro sensitivity testing and Acanthamoeba keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994; 35(3):1059-64. View

13.

Cope J, Collier S, Nethercut H, Jones J, Yates K, Yoder J . Risk Behaviors for Contact Lens-Related Eye Infections Among Adults and Adolescents - United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017; 66(32):841-845. PMC: 5657667. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6632a2. View

14.

Lee J, Oum B, Choi H, Yu H, Lee J . Cysticidal effect on acanthamoeba and toxicity on human keratocytes by polyhexamethylene biguanide and chlorhexidine. Cornea. 2007; 26(6):736-41. DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31805b7e8e. View

15.

Rembe J, Fromm-Dornieden C, Schafer N, Bohm J, Stuermer E . Comparing two polymeric biguanides: chemical distinction, antiseptic efficacy and cytotoxicity of polyaminopropyl biguanide and polyhexamethylene biguanide. J Med Microbiol. 2016; 65(8):867-876. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000294. View

16.

Stapleton F, Shrestha G, Vijay A, Carnt N . Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Genetics of Contact Lens-Related and Non-Contact Lens-Related Infectious Keratitis. Eye Contact Lens. 2022; 48(3):127-133. DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000884. View

17.

Kovacs C, Lynch S, Rah M, Millard K, Morris T . Acanthamoeba encystment: multifactorial effects of buffers, biocides, and demulcents present in contact lens care solutions. Clin Ophthalmol. 2015; 9:1905-13. PMC: 4610783. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S88199. View

18.

Dart J, Saw V, Kilvington S . Acanthamoeba keratitis: diagnosis and treatment update 2009. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009; 148(4):487-499.e2. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.06.009. View

19.

Walters R, Campolo A, Miller E, McAnally C, Gabriel M, Shannon P . Differential Antimicrobial Efficacy of Preservative-Free Contact Lens Disinfection Systems against Common Ocular Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr. 2022; 10(1):e0213821. PMC: 8826922. DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02138-21. View

20.

Yanai R, Ueda K, Nishida T, Toyohara M, Mori O . Effects of ionic and surfactant agents on the antimicrobial activity of polyhexamethylene biguanide. Eye Contact Lens. 2011; 37(2):85-9. DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0b013e31820cebc3. View