Overnutrition, Nasopharyngeal Pathogenic Bacteria and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Infants with Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Overview

Journal Int J Environ Res Public Health

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Environmental Health
Public Health

Date 2022 Jul 27

PMID 35886632

Authors

Guisselle Arias-Bravo

Gustavo Valderrama

Jaime Inostroza

Cecilia Tapia

Daniela Toro-Ascuy

Octavio Ramilo

Paz Orellana

Nicolas Cifuentes-Munoz

Francisco Zorondo-Rodriguez

Asuncion Mejias

Loreto F Fuenzalida

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the interaction between the nasopharyngeal bacterial profile and the nutritional status in children. In this study, our main goal was to evaluate the associations between overnutrition and the presence of four potentially pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx of infants with viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). In addition, we determined whether changes in the nasopharyngeal bacterial profile were associated with mucosal and serum proinflammatory cytokines and with clinical disease severity. Methods: We enrolled 116 children less than 2 years old hospitalized for viral LRTI during two consecutive respiratory seasons (May 2016 to August 2017); their nutritional status was assessed, and nasopharyngeal and blood samples were obtained. S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and respiratory viruses were identified in nasopharyngeal samples by qPCR. Cytokine concentrations were measured in nasopharyngeal and blood samples. Disease severity was assessed by the length of hospitalization and oxygen therapy. Results: Nasopharyngeal pathogenic bacteria were identified in 96.6% of the enrolled children, and 80% of them tested positive for two or more bacteria. The presence and loads of M. catarrhalis was higher (p = 0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively) in children with overnutrition (n = 47) compared with those with normal weights (n = 69). In addition, the detection of >2 bacteria was more frequent in children with overnutrition compared to those with normal weight (p = 0.02). Multivariate regression models showed that the presence and loads of S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis were associated with higher concentrations of IL-6 in plasma and TNF-α in mucosal samples in children with overnutrition. Conclusions: The nasopharyngeal profile of young children with overnutrition was characterized by an over representation of pathogenic bacteria and proinflammatory cytokines.

Citing Articles

Microbiota Profile of the Nasal Cavity According to Lifestyles in Healthy Adults in Santiago, Chile.

Toro-Ascuy D, Cardenas J, Zorondo-Rodriguez F, Gonzalez D, Silva-Moreno E, Puebla C Microorganisms. 2023; 11(7).

PMID: 37512807 PMC: 10384449. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071635.

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