Bicuspid Aortic Valve in Children and Adolescents: A Comprehensive Review

Overview

Journal Diagnostics (Basel)

Specialty Radiology

Date 2022 Jul 27

PMID 35885654

Authors

Gaia Spaziani

Francesca Girolami

Luigi Arcieri

Giovanni Battista Calabri

Giulio Porcedda

Chiara Di Filippo

Francesca Chiara Surace

Marco Pozzi

Silvia Favilli

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect. Prevalence of isolated BAV in the general pediatric population is about 0.8%, but it has been reported to be as high as 85% in patients with aortic coarctation. A genetic basis has been recognized, with great heterogeneity. Standard BAV terminology, recently proposed on the basis of morpho-functional assessment by transthoracic echocardiography, may be applied also to the pediatric population. Apart from neonatal stenotic BAV, progression of valve dysfunction and/or of the associated aortic dilation seems to be slow during pediatric age and complications are reported to be much rarer in comparison with adults. When required, because of severe BAV dysfunction, surgery is most often the therapeutic choice; however, the ideal initial approach to treat severe aortic stenosis in children or adolescents is not completely defined yet, and a percutaneous approach may be considered in selected cases as a palliative option in order to postpone surgery. A comprehensive and tailored evaluation is needed to define the right intervals for cardiologic evaluation, indications for sport activity and the right timing for intervention.

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