Below-the-ankle Arterial disease: a New Marker of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Diabetes and Foot Ulcers

Overview

Journal Acta Diabetol

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2022 Jul 21

PMID 35864261

Authors

Marco Meloni

Alfonso Bellia

Laura Giurato

Davide Lauro

Luigi Uccioli

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the current study is to evaluate the association between below-the-ankle (BTA) arterial disease and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

Methods: The study group was composed of patients with an active neuro-ischaemic DFUs managed in a tertiary care diabetic foot clinic. All patients received a pre-set limb salvage protocol including lower limb revascularization. By a retrospective analysis of individual angiograms, patients were divided in two groups: below-the-ankle (BTA) and above-the-ankle (ATA) arterial disease groups. The rate of CAD at baseline assessment and the new events of acute myocardial ischaemia (AMI) during 1-year of follow-up were evaluated and compared between the two groups.

Results: Two hundreds seventy-two (272) patients were included, 120 (44.1%) showed BTA arterial disease while 152 (55.9%) ATA arterial disease. The mean age was 68.9 ± 9.6 years, 198 (72.8%) were male, 246 (90.4%) had type 2 diabetes, the mean diabetes duration was 20.7 ± 11.6 years, the mean HbA1c was 7.8 ± 4.2% (62 ± 22 mmmol/mol). The whole population reported CAD in 172 cases (63.4%), and the rate in the BTA group was significantly higher than in ATA group, respectively, 90 (75.4%) vs 82 (54.1%), p < 0.0001. During the follow-up, BTA group had 5% of new cases of AMI in comparison to 1.3% in ATA group (p < 0.001). At the multivariate analysis BTA resulted an independent marker of CAD [OR 1.9 CI 9 5% (1.3-4.5) p = 0.0001].

Conclusion: The current study shows a significant association between BTA arterial disease and CAD. A close cardiovascular screen should be required in patients with DFUs.

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