Co-infection with Dual Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotypes As a Cause of Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis in Iran: a Multi-center Cross-sectional Study

Overview

Journal BMC Infect Dis

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2022 Jul 19

PMID 35850636

Authors

Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei

Ahmadreza Shamshiri

Leila Azimi

Ali Nazari-Alam

Abdollah Karimi

Seyed Alireza Mirjavadi

Marjan Tariverdi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Meningitis is considered a life-threatening infection with high mortality all over the world. Hemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) are regarded as the two most common infectious agents causing bacterial meningitis. This study aimed to identify H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae serotypes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pediatric patients with meningitis, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Methods: This multi-center cross-sectional study included 284 children with suspected meningitis referred to 4 target hospitals. Overall, 412 samples (128 blood and 284 CSF samples) were obtained from the patients from November 14, 2016 to November 15, 2017. The extracted DNA was examined using multiplex real time PCR to screen for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. S. pneumoniae serotyping was also done by multiplex PCR.

Results: Out of 284 CSF specimens, 22 were positive for ply S. pneumoniae. Of 20 DNA samples meeting the Quality Control (QC) standards for serotyping, 7 (35%), 6 (30%), 2 (10%), 2 (10%), 2 (10%), 1 (5%), 1 (5%), 1 (5%), 1 (5%) and 1 (5%) were positive for serotypes 3, 11A, 6A, 14, 7C, 23F, 23B, 19A, and 19F and 5, respectively. Overall, nine samples were positive for two serotypes, of whom 3 and 11A were the most common from Tehran province. Of note, one of these CSF samples showed a new co-infection with serotypes 7C and 14. Also, 6 samples (30%) were positive for H. influenzae detected by bexA primer. None of the blood samples were positive for S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae.

Conclusion: Co-infection with S. pneumoniae serotypes can occur in bacterial meningitis and it might be missed if all serotypes are not evaluated in CSF specimens.

Citing Articles

Characterization of meningitis-causing bacteria, with focus on genomic and pangenomic study of multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from cerebrospinal fluid.

Ali R, Ali K, Aurongzeb M, Al-Regaiey K, Kori J, Irfan M Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2024; 118(1):16.

PMID: 39382798 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-02016-1.

Invasive disease caused simultaneously by two different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae: a microbiological appreciation.

Cercenado E, Ramos B, Perez-Abeledo M, Sempere J, Yuste J, Sanz J Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024; 43(5):1013-1016.

PMID: 38416289 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04787-x.

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