[Structural Changes to the Brain in Drug-resistant Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy]

Overview

Journal Rev Neurol

Specialty Neurology

Date 2022 Jul 13

PMID 35822568

Authors

P Sanchez-Zapata

J F Zapata-Berruecos

R G Pelaez-Sanchez

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this research is to determine the changes in brain structures, both cortical and subcortical, in patients with drug-resistant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), in order to contribute to the understanding of the characteristics of the drug-resistant syndrome and to offer possible answers and hypotheses for further studies and more adequate treatments.

Subjects And Methods: Observational case-control study. A convenience sample size of four cases and 16 healthy controls was defined to ensure the feasibility of the project (ratio of 4:1). The data collected for patients with drug-resistant JME came from 1.5T MRI equipment. FreeSurfer software was used to determine cortical and subcortical areas in both drug-resistant JME patients and healthy controls.

Results: A total of 20 participants were included in the study, of whom four (20%) were drug-resistant JME patients and 16% (80%) were healthy controls. The clusters with statistically significant differences in cortical thickness are located in the precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, medial temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus, predominantly in the left hemisphere.

Conclusions: Structural brain changes are observed in patients with drug-resistant JME that may go undetected by the conventional processing techniques used in magnetic resonance imaging.

References

Dasheiff R, Ritaccio A . Characterization of intractable juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: new perspectives on primarily generalized seizures. Seizure. 1993; 2(1):11-9. DOI: 10.1016/s1059-1311(05)80097-4. View

Simister R, McLean M, Barker G, Duncan J . Proton MRS reveals frontal lobe metabolite abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Neurology. 2003; 61(7):897-902. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000086903.69738.dc. View

Panizzon M, Fennema-Notestine C, Eyler L, Jernigan T, Prom-Wormley E, Neale M . Distinct genetic influences on cortical surface area and cortical thickness. Cereb Cortex. 2009; 19(11):2728-35. PMC: 2758684. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp026. View

Baddeley A . Working memory. Science. 1992; 255(5044):556-9. DOI: 10.1126/science.1736359. View

Stevelink R, Koeleman B, Sander J, Jansen F, Braun K . Refractory juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors. Eur J Neurol. 2018; 26(6):856-864. PMC: 6586162. DOI: 10.1111/ene.13811. View

Gleichgerrcht E, Kocher M, Bonilha L . Connectomics and graph theory analyses: Novel insights into network abnormalities in epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2015; 56(11):1660-8. DOI: 10.1111/epi.13133. View

de Araujo Filho G, de Araujo T, Sato J, Silva I, Lin K, Junior H . Personality traits in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: evidence of cortical abnormalities from a surface morphometry study. Epilepsy Behav. 2013; 27(2):385-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.02.004. View

Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite D, Schmitz B, Janz D, Delgado-Escueta A, Thomas P, Hirsch E . Consensus on diagnosis and management of JME: From founder's observations to current trends. Epilepsy Behav. 2013; 28 Suppl 1:S87-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.11.051. View

Geithner J, Schneider F, Wang Z, Berneiser J, Herzer R, Kessler C . Predictors for long-term seizure outcome in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: 25-63 years of follow-up. Epilepsia. 2012; 53(8):1379-86. DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03526.x. View

10.

Radtke R, VanLandingham K, Husain A . Characteristics of valproic acid resistant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Seizure. 2000; 9(6):385-8. DOI: 10.1053/seiz.2000.0432. View

11.

Swartz B, Spitz J, Vu A, Mandelkern M, Su M . Heterogeneity of anatomic regions by MR volumetry in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand. 2016; 134(4):300-8. DOI: 10.1111/ane.12544. View

12.

OMuircheartaigh J, Vollmar C, Barker G, Kumari V, Symms M, Thompson P . Focal structural changes and cognitive dysfunction in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Neurology. 2011; 76(1):34-40. PMC: 3030222. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318203e93d. View

13.

Gilbert S, Burgess P . Executive function. Curr Biol. 2008; 18(3):R110-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.12.014. View

14.

Tae W, Kim S, Joo E, Han S, Kim I, Kim S . Cortical thickness abnormality in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. J Neurol. 2008; 255(4):561-6. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-008-0745-6. View

15.

Kim J, Lee J, Koh S, Lee S, Lee J, Kim S . Regional grey matter abnormalities in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a voxel-based morphometry study. Neuroimage. 2007; 37(4):1132-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.06.025. View

16.

Ronan L, Alhusaini S, Scanlon C, Doherty C, Delanty N, Fitzsimons M . Widespread cortical morphologic changes in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: evidence from structural MRI. Epilepsia. 2012; 53(4):651-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03413.x. View

17.

Bernasconi A, Cendes F, Theodore W, Gill R, Koepp M, Hogan R . Recommendations for the use of structural magnetic resonance imaging in the care of patients with epilepsy: A consensus report from the International League Against Epilepsy Neuroimaging Task Force. Epilepsia. 2019; 60(6):1054-1068. DOI: 10.1111/epi.15612. View

18.

Greve D, Fischl B . False positive rates in surface-based anatomical analysis. Neuroimage. 2017; 171:6-14. PMC: 5857431. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.072. View

19.

Fischl B, Dale A . Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000; 97(20):11050-5. PMC: 27146. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.200033797. View

20.

Savic I, Osterman Y, Helms G . MRS shows syndrome differentiated metabolite changes in human-generalized epilepsies. Neuroimage. 2004; 21(1):163-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.034. View