DISCOVID: Discovering Patterns of COVID-19 Infection from Recovered Patients: a Case Study in Saudi Arabia

Overview

Journal Int J Inf Technol

Date 2022 Jul 11

PMID 35812263

Authors

Tarik Alafif

Alaa Etaiwi

Yousef Hawsawi

Abdulmajeed Alrefaei

Ayman Albassam

Hassan Althobaiti

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

A respiratory syndrome COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious global concern. Still, a large number of people have been daily infected worldwide. Discovering COVID-19 infection patterns is significant for health providers towards understanding the infection factors. Current COVID-19 research works have not been attempted to discover the infection patterns, yet. In this paper, we employ an Association Rules Apriori (ARA) algorithm to discover the infection patterns from COVID-19 recovered patients' data. A non-clinical COVID-19 dataset is introduced and analyzed. A sample of recovered patients' data is manually collected in Saudi Arabia. Our manual computation and experimental results show strong associative rules with high confidence scores among males, weight above 70 kilograms, height above 160 centimeters, and fever patterns. These patterns are the strongest infection patterns discovered from COVID-19 recovered patients' data.

Citing Articles

COVID-19 assessment using HMM cough recognition system.

Hamidi M, Zealouk O, Satori H, Laaidi N, Salek A Int J Inf Technol. 2022; 15(1):193-201.

PMID: 36313860 PMC: 9595586. DOI: 10.1007/s41870-022-01120-7.

Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning Assisted Rapid Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest Radiographical Images: A Survey.

Sinwar D, Dhaka V, Tesfaye B, Raghuwanshi G, Kumar A, Maakar S Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2022; 2022:1306664.

PMID: 36304775 PMC: 9581633. DOI: 10.1155/2022/1306664.

References

Ranjan P, Kumar A, Chowdhury S, Pandey S, Choudhary A, Bhattacharya A . Is excess weight a risk factor for the development of COVID 19 infection? A preliminary report from India. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020; 14(6):1805-1807. PMC: 7480221. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.012. View

Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J . A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(8):727-733. PMC: 7092803. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017. View

Long Q, Tang X, Shi Q, Li Q, Deng H, Yuan J . Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat Med. 2020; 26(8):1200-1204. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0965-6. View

Singhal T . A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020; 87(4):281-286. PMC: 7090728. DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6. View

Ebrahim S, Memish Z . COVID-19: preparing for superspreader potential among Umrah pilgrims to Saudi Arabia. Lancet. 2020; 395(10227):e48. PMC: 7158937. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30466-9. View

Groban L, Wang H, Sun X, Ahmad S, Ferrario C . Is Sex a Determinant of COVID-19 Infection? Truth or Myth?. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020; 22(9):62. PMC: 7449867. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01073-x. View

Khamis F, Al Rashidi B, Al-Zakwani I, Al Wahaibi A, Al Awaidy S . Epidemiology of COVID-19 Infection in Oman: Analysis of the First 1304 Cases. Oman Med J. 2020; 35(3):e145. PMC: 7335452. DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.60. View

Sujath R, Chatterjee J, Hassanien A . A machine learning forecasting model for COVID-19 pandemic in India. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess. 2020; 34(7):959-972. PMC: 7261047. DOI: 10.1007/s00477-020-01827-8. View

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y . Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):497-506. PMC: 7159299. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. View

10.

Zhang J, Dong X, Cao Y, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Yan Y . Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy. 2020; 75(7):1730-1741. DOI: 10.1111/all.14238. View

11.

Hoffman T, Nissen K, Krambrich J, Ronnberg B, Akaberi D, Esmaeilzadeh M . Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG rapid test; an efficient tool for assessment of past exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2020; 10(1):1754538. PMC: 7178815. DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2020.1754538. View

12.

Peiffer-Smadja N, Rawson T, Ahmad R, Buchard A, Georgiou P, Lescure F . Machine learning for clinical decision support in infectious diseases: a narrative review of current applications. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019; 26(5):584-595. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.09.009. View

13.

Kompaniyets L, Goodman A, Belay B, Freedman D, Sucosky M, Lange S . Body Mass Index and Risk for COVID-19-Related Hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit Admission, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, and Death - United States, March-December 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021; 70(10):355-361. PMC: 7951819. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7010e4. View

14.

Remuzzi A, Remuzzi G . COVID-19 and Italy: what next?. Lancet. 2020; 395(10231):1225-1228. PMC: 7102589. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30627-9. View

15.

Alafif T, Tehame A, Bajaba S, Barnawi A, Zia S . Machine and Deep Learning towards COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment: Survey, Challenges, and Future Directions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(3). PMC: 7908539. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031117. View

16.

Phelan A, Katz R, Gostin L . The Novel Coronavirus Originating in Wuhan, China: Challenges for Global Health Governance. JAMA. 2020; 323(8):709-710. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.1097. View

17.

Cai H . Sex difference and smoking predisposition in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(4):e20. PMC: 7103991. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30117-X. View

18.

Latz C, DeCarlo C, Boitano L, Png C, Patell R, Conrad M . Blood type and outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Ann Hematol. 2020; 99(9):2113-2118. PMC: 7354354. DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04169-1. View

19.

Chen J, Lu H, Melino G, Boccia S, Piacentini M, Ricciardi W . COVID-19 infection: the China and Italy perspectives. Cell Death Dis. 2020; 11(6):438. PMC: 7278221. DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2603-0. View

20.

Prats-Uribe A, Xie J, Prieto-Alhambra D, Petersen I . Smoking and COVID-19 Infection and Related Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Analysis of UK Biobank Data. Clin Epidemiol. 2021; 13:357-365. PMC: 8164669. DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S300597. View