Significance and Determinants of Plasma Apelin in Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Overview

Journal Front Cardiovasc Med

Specialty Cardiology & Vascular Diseases

Date 2022 Jul 5

PMID 35783816

Authors

Chengzhi Yang

Changlin Zhang

Ruofei Jia

Shubin Qiao

Jiansong Yuan

Zening Jin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Recent studies suggest apelin has multiple protective effects in some cardiovascular diseases. However, there are few data concerning apelin levels in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCM) or the relationship between apelin levels and severity of OHCM.

Methods: We studied 88 patients with OHCM and 32 control subjects with matched age and sex distribution. Complete medical history was collected and related examinations were performed. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and echocardiography were employed to characterize cardiac morphology and function. Plasma apelin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: Plasma apelin levels were significantly lower in patients with OHCM than those in control subjects (96.6 ± 34.3 vs. 169.4 ± 62.5 μg/L, < 0.001). When patients with OHCM were divided into two groups according to the mean value of plasma apelin, patients with lower apelin levels (plasma apelin ≤ 96.6 μg/L) had greater septal wall thickness (SWT; 25.6 ± 5.5 vs. 23.2 ± 4.3 mm, = 0.035) and less right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVEDD; 20.4 ± 3.3 vs. 23.0 ± 3.6 mm, = 0.001). Consistently, plasma apelin levels were inversely correlated with SWT ( = -0.334, = 0.002) and positively correlated with RVEDD ( = 0.368, < 0.001). Besides, plasma apelin levels were inversely correlated with Ln (NT-proBNP) ( = -0.307, = 0.008) and positively correlated with body mass index (BMI; = 0.287, = 0.008). On multivariate analysis, the SWT was independently associated with decreasing plasma apelin, while the RVEDD was independently associated with increasing plasma apelin.

Conclusion: Plasma apelin levels are reduced in patients with OHCM. The apelin levels are inversely related to SWT and positively related to RVEDD.

Citing Articles

Profiling genetic variants in cardiovascular disease genes among a Heterogeneous cohort of Mendelian conditions patients and electronic health records.

Akawi N, Al Mansoori G, Al Zaabi A, Badics A, Al Dhaheri N, Al Shamsi A Front Mol Biosci. 2024; 11:1451457.

PMID: 39411402 PMC: 11473968. DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1451457.

Endothelial cell dysfunction in cardiac disease: driver or consequence?.

Allbritton-King J, Garcia-Cardena G Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023; 11:1278166.

PMID: 37965580 PMC: 10642230. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1278166.

Papillary and Trabecular Muscles Have Substantial Impact on Quantification of Left Ventricle in Patients with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy.

Yang C, Xu H, Qiao S, Jia R, Jin Z, Yuan J Diagnostics (Basel). 2022; 12(8).

PMID: 36010378 PMC: 9407152. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12082029.

References

Chandrasekaran B, Kalra P, Donovan J, Hooper J, Clague J, McDonagh T . Myocardial apelin production is reduced in humans with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Card Fail. 2010; 16(7):556-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.02.004. View

Ceylan-Isik A, Kandadi M, Xu X, Hua Y, Chicco A, Ren J . Apelin administration ameliorates high fat diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2013; 63:4-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.07.002. View

Wang M, Gupta R, Rastogi S, Kohli S, Sabbah M, Zhang K . Effects of acute intravenous infusion of apelin on left ventricular function in dogs with advanced heart failure. J Card Fail. 2013; 19(7):509-16. PMC: 3706995. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.05.004. View

Chong K, Gardner R, Morton J, Ashley E, McDonagh T . Plasma concentrations of the novel peptide apelin are decreased in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2006; 8(4):355-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.10.007. View

Maron B, Desai M, Nishimura R, Spirito P, Rakowski H, Towbin J . Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022; 79(4):372-389. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.002. View

Szokodi I, Tavi P, Foldes G, Voutilainen-Myllyla S, Ilves M, Tokola H . Apelin, the novel endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, regulates cardiac contractility. Circ Res. 2002; 91(5):434-40. DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000033522.37861.69. View

Przewlocka-Kosmala M, Kotwica T, Mysiak A, Kosmala W . Reduced circulating apelin in essential hypertension and its association with cardiac dysfunction. J Hypertens. 2011; 29(5):971-9. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328344da76. View

Usaj M, Moretto L, Mansson A . Critical Evaluation of Current Hypotheses for the Pathogenesis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(4). PMC: 8880276. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042195. View

Yang C, Zhang C, Yuan J, Cui J, Qiao S . Prevalence and determinants of elevated D-dimer in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Biomark Med. 2020; 14(2):131-140. DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0225. View

10.

Foldes G, Horkay F, Szokodi I, Vuolteenaho O, Ilves M, Lindstedt K . Circulating and cardiac levels of apelin, the novel ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, in patients with heart failure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003; 308(3):480-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01424-4. View

11.

Zhou Y, Wang Y, Qiao S . Apelin: a potential marker of coronary artery stenosis and atherosclerotic plaque stability in ACS patients. Int Heart J. 2014; 55(3):204-12. DOI: 10.1536/ihj.13-234. View

12.

Maron B, Desai M, Nishimura R, Spirito P, Rakowski H, Towbin J . Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022; 79(4):390-414. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.021. View

13.

Liu W, Yan J, Pan W, Tang M . Apelin/Elabela-APJ: a novel therapeutic target in the cardiovascular system. Ann Transl Med. 2020; 8(5):243. PMC: 7154429. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.07. View

14.

Goidescu C, Vida-Simiti L . The Apelin-APJ System in the Evolution of Heart Failure. Clujul Med. 2015; 88(1):3-8. PMC: 4508609. DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-380. View

15.

Spertus J, Fine J, Elliott P, Ho C, Olivotto I, Saberi S . Mavacamten for treatment of symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (EXPLORER-HCM): health status analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021; 397(10293):2467-2475. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00763-7. View

16.

Zhang C, Liu R, Yuan J, Cui J, Hu F, Yang W . Significance and Determinants of Cardiac Troponin I in Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 2015; 116(11):1744-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.09.006. View

17.

Yu X, Tang Z, Liu L, Qian H, Tang S, Zhang D . Apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases. Clin Chim Acta. 2013; 428:1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.001. View

18.

Folino A, Montarolo P, Samaja M, Rastaldo R . Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system. Heart Fail Rev. 2015; 20(4):505-18. DOI: 10.1007/s10741-015-9475-x. View

19.

Scimia M, Hurtado C, Ray S, Metzler S, Wei K, Wang J . APJ acts as a dual receptor in cardiac hypertrophy. Nature. 2012; 488(7411):394-8. PMC: 3422434. DOI: 10.1038/nature11263. View

20.

Elliott P, Anastasakis A, Borger M, Borggrefe M, Cecchi F, Charron P . 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2014; 35(39):2733-79. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu284. View