Characterization of the Cross-Species Transmission Potential for Porcine Expressing Sparrow Coronavirus Spike Protein in Commercial Poultry

Overview

Journal Viruses

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2022 Jun 24

PMID 35746696

Authors

Moyasar A Alhamo

Patricia A Boley

Mingde Liu

Xiaoyu Niu

Kush Kumar Yadav

Carolyn Lee

Linda J Saif

Qiuhong Wang

Scott P Kenney

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Avian species often serve as transmission vectors and sources of recombination for viral infections due to their ability to travel vast distances and their gregarious behaviors. Recently a novel (DCoV) was identified in sparrows. Sparrow (SpDCoV), coupled with close contact between sparrows and swine carrying porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) may facilitate recombination of DCoVs resulting in novel CoV variants. We hypothesized that the spike (S) protein or receptor-binding domain (RBD) from sparrow coronaviruses (SpCoVs) may enhance infection in poultry. We used recombinant chimeric viruses, which express S protein or the RBD of SpCoV (icPDCoV-S, and icPDCoV-RBD) on the genomic backbone of an infectious clone of PDCoV (icPDCoV). Chimeric viruses were utilized to infect chicken derived DF-1 cells, turkey poults, and embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) to examine permissiveness, viral replication kinetics, pathogenesis and pathology. We demonstrated that DF-1 cells in addition to the positive control LLC-PK1 cells are susceptible to SpCoV spike- and RBD- recombinant chimeric virus infections. However, the replication of chimeric viruses in DF-1 cells, but not LLC-PK1 cells, was inefficient. Inoculated 8-day-old turkey poults appeared resistant to icPDCoV-, icPDCoV-S- and icPDCoV-RBD virus infections. In 5-day-old ECEs, significant mortality was observed in PDCoV inoculated eggs with less in the spike chimeras, while in 11-day-old ECEs there was no evidence of viral replication, suggesting that PDCoV is better adapted to cross species infection and differentiated ECE cells are not susceptible to PDCoV infection. Collectively, we demonstrate that the SpCoV chimeric viruses are not more infectious in turkeys, nor ECEs than wild type PDCoV. Therefore, understanding the cell and host factors that contribute to resistance to PDCoV and avian-swine chimeric virus infections may aid in the design of novel antiviral therapies against DCoVs.

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