Immunopsychiatry - Innovative Technology to Characterize Disease Activity in Autoantibody-Associated Psychiatric Diseases

Overview

Journal Front Immunol

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2022 Jun 17

PMID 35711412

Authors

Niels Hansen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Anti-neural autoantibody-associated psychiatric disease is a novel field in immunopsychiatry that has been attracting attention thanks to its potentially positive therapeutic outcome and distinct prognosis compared with non-organic psychiatric disease. This review aims to describe recent novel technological developments for improving diagnostics in the field of autoantibody-related psychiatric disease.

Methods: We screened for relevant articles in PubMed for this narrative article. We focused on research methods such as neuroimaging, immune cells and inflammation markers, and molecular biomarkers in human biofluids like serum and cerebrospinal fluid and plasma proteomics.

Results: We introduce several novel methods for investigating autoinflammation with the aim of optimizing therapies for autoantibody-associated psychiatric disease. We describe measuring the translocator protein 18kDa in activated microglia via positron emission tomography imaging, brain volumetric assessment, flow cell cytometry of cerebrospinal fluid and blood, and blood biological probes as well as psychopathological cues to help us gain insights into diagnosing inflammation and brain damage better in psychiatric patients presenting a suspected autoimmune etiology.

Conclusion: Our short methodological review provides an overview of recent developments in the field of autoantibody-related immunopsychiatry. More research is needed to prove their usefulness in diagnosing and treating autoantibody-associated psychiatric disease and its subtypes.

Citing Articles

Involvement of inflammatory responses in the brain to the onset of major depressive disorder due to stress exposure.

Miyata S, Ishino Y, Shimizu S, Tohyama M Front Aging Neurosci. 2022; 14:934346.

PMID: 35936767 PMC: 9354609. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.934346.

References

Ji E, Boerrigter D, Cai H, Lloyd D, Bruggemann J, ODonnell M . Peripheral complement is increased in schizophrenia and inversely related to cortical thickness. Brain Behav Immun. 2021; 101:423-434. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.014. View

Hansen N, Schwing K, Onder D, Widman G, Leelaarporn P, Prusseit I . Low CSF CD4/CD8+ T-cell proportions are associated with blood-CSF barrier dysfunction in limbic encephalitis. Epilepsy Behav. 2019; 102:106682. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106682. View

Wang Y, Coughlin J, Ma S, Endres C, Kassiou M, Sawa A . Neuroimaging of translocator protein in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study using [C]DPA-713 positron emission tomography. Lupus. 2016; 26(2):170-178. PMC: 5218990. DOI: 10.1177/0961203316657432. View

Hansen N, Onder D, Schwing K, Widman G, Leelaarporn P, Prusseit I . CD19+ B-cells in autoantibody-negative limbic encephalitis. Epilepsy Behav. 2020; 106:107016. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107016. View

Wilke J, Hindermann M, Berghoff S, Zihsler S, Arinrad S, Ronnenberg A . Autoantibodies against NMDA receptor 1 modify rather than cause encephalitis. Mol Psychiatry. 2021; 26(12):7746-7759. PMC: 8872987. DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01238-3. View

Althubaity N, Schubert J, Martins D, Yousaf T, Nettis M, Mondelli V . Choroid plexus enlargement is associated with neuroinflammation and reduction of blood brain barrier permeability in depression. Neuroimage Clin. 2021; 33:102926. PMC: 8718974. DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102926. View

Hansen N . Current Nosology of Neural Autoantibody-Associated Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021; 13:711195. PMC: 8355817. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.711195. View

Endres D, Lungen E, Hasan A, Kluge M, Frohlich S, Lewerenz J . Clinical manifestations and immunomodulatory treatment experiences in psychiatric patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis: a case series of 91 patients from Germany. Mol Psychiatry. 2022; 27(3):1479-1489. PMC: 9095476. DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01396-4. View

Endres D, Pollak T, Bechter K, Denzel D, Pitsch K, Nickel K . Immunological causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder: is it time for the concept of an "autoimmune OCD" subtype?. Transl Psychiatry. 2022; 12(1):5. PMC: 8744027. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01700-4. View

10.

Laskaris L, Mancuso S, Weickert C, Zalesky A, Chana G, Wannan C . Brain morphology is differentially impacted by peripheral cytokines in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Brain Behav Immun. 2021; 95:299-309. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.002. View

11.

Gritti D, Delvecchio G, Ferro A, Bressi C, Brambilla P . Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder: A Review of PET Imaging Studies Examining the 18-kDa Translocator Protein. J Affect Disord. 2021; 292:642-651. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.001. View

12.

Malviya M, Barman S, Golombeck K, Planaguma J, Mannara F, Strutz-Seebohm N . NMDAR encephalitis: passive transfer from man to mouse by a recombinant antibody. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2017; 4(11):768-783. PMC: 5682115. DOI: 10.1002/acn3.444. View

13.

Falk A, Galletly C, Just D, Toben C, Baune B, Clark S . Autoantibody profiles associated with clinical features in psychotic disorders. Transl Psychiatry. 2021; 11(1):474. PMC: 8438048. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01596-0. View

14.

Campana M, Strauss J, Munz S, Oviedo-Salcedo T, Fernando P, Eichhorn P . Cerebrospinal Fluid Pathologies in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder-A Retrospective Chart Review. Schizophr Bull. 2021; 48(1):47-55. PMC: 8781327. DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab105. View

15.

Andrzejak E, Rabinovitch E, Kreye J, Pruss H, Rosenmund C, Ziv N . Patient-Derived Anti-NMDAR Antibody Disinhibits Cortical Neuronal Networks through Dysfunction of Inhibitory Neuron Output. J Neurosci. 2022; 42(15):3253-3270. PMC: 8994542. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1689-21.2022. View

16.

Zhang L, Hu K, Shao T, Hou L, Zhang S, Ye W . Recent developments on PET radiotracers for TSPO and their applications in neuroimaging. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021; 11(2):373-393. PMC: 7893127. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.006. View

17.

Dao L, Machule M, Bacher P, Hoffmann J, Ly L, Wegner F . Decreased inflammatory cytokine production of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in NMDA receptor encephalitis. J Neurol. 2021; 268(6):2123-2131. PMC: 8179900. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10371-y. View

18.

Bien C, Vincent A, Barnett M, Becker A, Blumcke I, Graus F . Immunopathology of autoantibody-associated encephalitides: clues for pathogenesis. Brain. 2012; 135(Pt 5):1622-38. DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws082. View

19.

Endres D, Maier V, Leypoldt F, Wandinger K, Lennox B, Pollak T . Autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes: a systematic literature review resulting in 145 cases. Psychol Med. 2020; 52(6):1135-1146. PMC: 9069350. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291720002895. View

20.

Herken J, Pruss H . Red Flags: Clinical Signs for Identifying Autoimmune Encephalitis in Psychiatric Patients. Front Psychiatry. 2017; 8:25. PMC: 5311041. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00025. View