Evaluation of Antioxidative Enzymes Levels and Lipid Peroxidation Products Levels in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Senile Cataract Patients

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase activity, Advanced oxidation Protein products levels, Malondialdehyde levels, Baseline Conjugated Diene concentration, and 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α (8-IPG-F2α) quantification in diabetic and non-diabetic senile cataract patients to find out the pathomechanism of early onset of cataract in diabetic patients.

Methods: This case-control study was performed on 184 subjects undergoing cataract surgery. For 8-IPG-F2α quantification, 35 diabetics and non-diabetic lenses and the entire study included 22 patients with diabetic senile cataracts and non-diabetic senile cataracts of aqueous humor age ≥ 40 years. Ninety-two patients with diabetic senile cataract and non-diabetic senile cataract lenses aged ≥ 40 years were incorporated for all other studies. The student's t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: From the study population, the mean age was 63.82 ± 0.6, and 75% of them were female. Higher female prevalence in both groups was observed. The results revealed that the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients (p < 0.001) in both lenses and aqueous humor. Malondialdehyde, conjugated diene, and 8-IPG-F2α levels significantly increased in diabetic patients when compared to non-diabetic (p < 0.01), and advanced oxidation protein products levels also significantly increased in diabetic patients when compared to non-diabetics in both lenses and aqueous humor (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The current study revealed that oxidative stress and Lipid per-oxidation have an imperative role in the diabetic-related complication, specifically in the lens, may have a responsibility in the pathomechanism of early onset of cataracts coupled with diabetes mellitus.