Approaches to Biofunctionalize Polyetheretherketone for Antibacterial: A Review

Overview

Journal Front Bioeng Biotechnol

Date 2022 Jun 1

PMID 35646862

Authors

Yihan Wang

Shutao Zhang

Binen Nie

Xinhua Qu

Bing Yue

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Due to excellent mechanical properties and similar elastic modulus compared with human cortical bone, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has become one of the most promising orthopedic implant materials. However, implant-associated infections (IAIs) remain a challenging issue since PEEK is bio-inert. In order to fabricate an antibacterial bio-functional surface, modifications of PEEK had been widely investigated. This review summarizes the modification strategies to biofunctionalize PEEK for antibacterial. We will begin with reviewing different approaches, such as surface-coating modifications and controlled release of antimicrobials. Furthermore, blending modifications and 3D printing technology were discussed. Finally, we compare the effects among different approaches. We aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of the antibacterial modification and optimize the design of the PEEK orthopedic implant.

Citing Articles

Revolutionizing Dental Polymers: The Versatility and Future Potential of Polyetheretherketone in Restorative Dentistry.

Taymour N, Abd El-Fattah A, Kandil S, Fahmy A, Al-Qahtani N, Khaled A Polymers (Basel). 2025; 17(1.

PMID: 39795483 PMC: 11723045. DOI: 10.3390/polym17010080.

Poly(arylene ether)s-Based Polymeric Membranes Applied for Water Purification in Harsh Environment Conditions: A Mini-Review.

Wang M, Li L, Yan H, Liu X, Li K, Li Y Polymers (Basel). 2024; 15(23).

PMID: 38231952 PMC: 10707801. DOI: 10.3390/polym15234527.

Research progress of 3D printed poly (ether ether ketone) in the reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects.

Su Q, Qiao Y, Xiao Y, Yang S, Wu H, Li J Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023; 11:1259696.

PMID: 37662437 PMC: 10469012. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1259696.

3D printing of bone and cartilage with polymer materials.

Fan D, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Guo H, Cai Y Front Pharmacol. 2022; 13:1044726.

PMID: 36561347 PMC: 9763290. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1044726.

References

Li N, Bai J, Wang W, Liang X, Zhang W, Li W . Facile and Versatile Surface Functional Polyetheretherketone with Enhanced Bacteriostasis and Osseointegrative Capability for Implant Application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021; 13(50):59731-59746. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19834. View

Yang X, Chai H, Guo L, Jiang Y, Xu L, Huang W . Corrigendum to 'In situ preparation of porous metal-organic frameworks ZIF-8@Ag on poly-ether-ether-ketone with synergistic antibacterial activity' [Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 205 (2021) 111920]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2021; 209(Pt 2):112179. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112179. View

He X, Deng Y, Yu Y, Lyu H, Liao L . Drug-loaded/grafted peptide-modified porous PEEK to promote bone tissue repair and eliminate bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2019; 181:767-777. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.038. View

Choi O, Deng K, Kim N, Ross Jr L, Surampalli R, Hu Z . The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles, silver ions, and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth. Water Res. 2008; 42(12):3066-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.02.021. View

Cai Z, Qu X, Zhao Y, Yuan Z, Zheng L, Long T . Preliminary Study on Immediate Postoperative CT Images and Values of the Modular Polyetheretherketone Based Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Observational First-in-Human Trial. Front Surg. 2022; 9:809699. PMC: 8882580. DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.809699. View

Bjarnsholt T . The role of bacterial biofilms in chronic infections. APMIS Suppl. 2013; (136):1-51. DOI: 10.1111/apm.12099. View

Gristina A . Biomaterial-centered infection: microbial adhesion versus tissue integration. Science. 1987; 237(4822):1588-95. DOI: 10.1126/science.3629258. View

Buwalda S, Rotman S, Eglin D, Moriarty F, Bethry A, Garric X . Synergistic anti-fouling and bactericidal poly(ether ether ketone) surfaces via a one-step photomodification. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020; 111:110811. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110811. View

Li Y, Wang J, He D, GuoxiongZhu , Wu G, Chen L . Surface sulfonation and nitrification enhance the biological activity and osteogenesis of polyetheretherketone by forming an irregular nano-porous monolayer. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2019; 31(1):11. DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6349-0. View

10.

Mei S, Wang F, Hu X, Yang K, Xie D, Yang L . Construction of a hierarchical micro & nanoporous surface for loading genistein on the composite of polyetheretherketone/tantalum pentoxide possessing antibacterial activity and accelerated osteointegration. Biomater Sci. 2020; 9(1):167-185. DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01306d. View

11.

Jiao J, Zhang S, Qu X, Yue B . Recent Advances in Research on Antibacterial Metals and Alloys as Implant Materials. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021; 11:693939. PMC: 8283567. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.693939. View

12.

Zhu H, Ji X, Guan H, Zhao L, Zhao L, Liu C . Tantalum nanoparticles reinforced polyetheretherketone shows enhanced bone formation. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019; 101:232-242. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.091. View

13.

Chen Y, Zhang L, Qin T, Wang Z, Li Y, Gu B . Evaluation of neurosurgical implant infection rates and associated pathogens: evidence from 1118 postoperative infections. Neurosurg Focus. 2019; 47(2):E6. DOI: 10.3171/2019.5.FOCUS18582. View

14.

Chen T, Chen Q, Fu H, Wang D, Gao Y, Zhang M . Construction and performance evaluation of a sustained release implant material polyetheretherketone with antibacterial properties. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021; 126:112109. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112109. View

15.

Liu Y, Rath B, Tingart M, Eschweiler J . Role of implants surface modification in osseointegration: A systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2019; 108(3):470-484. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36829. View

16.

Wang M, Tang T . Surface treatment strategies to combat implant-related infection from the beginning. J Orthop Translat. 2019; 17:42-54. PMC: 6551355. DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.09.001. View

17.

Mousavi S, Low F, Hashemi S, Lai C, Ghasemi Y, Soroshnia S . Development of graphene based nanocomposites towards medical and biological applications. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2020; 48(1):1189-1205. DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1817052. View

18.

Chen M, Ouyang L, Lu T, Wang H, Meng F, Yang Y . Enhanced Bioactivity and Bacteriostasis of Surface Fluorinated Polyetheretherketone. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017; 9(20):16824-16833. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02521. View

19.

Laird N, Acri T, Chakka J, Quarterman J, Malkawi W, Elangovan S . Applications of nanotechnology in 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2021; 161:15-28. PMC: 7969465. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.018. View

20.

Ma R, Wang J, Li C, Ma K, Wei J, Yang P . Effects of different sulfonation times and post-treatment methods on the characterization and cytocompatibility of sulfonated PEEK. J Biomater Appl. 2020; 35(3):342-352. DOI: 10.1177/0885328220935008. View