Inhibition of Virulence Gene Expression in Dublin, F5 and Associated With Neonatal Calf Diarrhea by Factors Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria During Fermentation of Cow Milk

Overview

Journal Front Microbiol

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2022 May 31

PMID 35633687

Authors

Gang Liu

Martin Laage Kragh

Soren Aabo

Annette Nygaard Jensen

John Elmerdahl Olsen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Diarrhea is a major health problem in neonatal and young calves worldwide. It can be caused by a variety of infectious agents, including the bacteria serovar Dublin (. Dublin), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), and . Preventive alternatives to antibiotic treatment should be identified. As a first step toward this, the aim of the current study was to examine whether cell-free supernatants from cow milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria affects virulence-gene expression in strains of . Dublin, ETEC F5 and . pH-neutralized, cell-free, spent medium of milk (nCFSM) fermented by 61 different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and non-LAB starter cultures belonging to 17 genera was assayed for their effect on expression of important virulence factors (. Dublin ; ETEC F5 ; ), when the bacteria were grown in the nCFSM. Screening was done using either a promoter-reporter expression system or RT-qPCR. nCFSM from BL-15955 and LR-33016 downregulated the expression of and genes in the four tested ETEC F5 strains without affecting their growth, while mainly BL-15955 downregulated expression of in the four tested strains of . nCFSM from the mixed cultures; NU-TRISH BY-Mild ( subsp. and BL-15954) and COMBO4 ( subsp. and ), as well as CNRZ32 downregulated the tested virulence genes in the three tested strains of . Dublin. To enable possible downregulation of the expression of virulence genes in all three target bacteria simultaneously, nCFSM was prepared from NU-TRISH By-Mild in combination with BL-15955 (i.e. a four-strain combination). The nCFSM from this combination downregulated the virulence genes expression in all the three species. In the future, NU-TRISH By-Mild and BL-15955 in combination could potentially be used for prevention of neonatal calf diarrhea caused by . Dublin, F5, and , reducing the need for antimicrobial treatment, however, field studies are needed to prove that.

Citing Articles

Relationship between pathogenic O78-induced intestinal epithelial barrier damage and Zonulin expression levels in yaks.

Ren X, Shi B, Chang Z, Zhang J, Wang S, Liu R Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024; 14:1456356.

PMID: 39376662 PMC: 11456573. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1456356.

Evaluation of the application potential of Bdellovibrio sp. YBD-1 isolated from Yak faeces.

Xi Y, Pan Y, Li M, Zeng Q, Wang M Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):13010.

PMID: 38844489 PMC: 11156984. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63418-9.

Review: Dublin in dairy cattle.

Velasquez-Munoz A, Castro-Vargas R, Cullens-Nobis F, Mani R, Abuelo A Front Vet Sci. 2024; 10:1331767.

PMID: 38264470 PMC: 10803612. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1331767.

Impact of cell-free supernatant of on biofilm and its metabolites.

Mao Y, Wang Y, Luo X, Chen X, Wang G Front Vet Sci. 2023; 10:1184989.

PMID: 37397004 PMC: 10310794. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1184989.

References

Acha S, Kuhn I, Jonsson P, Mbazima G, Katouli M, Mollby R . Studies on calf diarrhoea in Mozambique: prevalence of bacterial pathogens. Acta Vet Scand. 2004; 45(1-2):27-36. PMC: 1821001. DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-45-27. View

La Ragione R, Narbad A, Gasson M, Woodward M . In vivo characterization of Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 for use as a defined competitive exclusion agent against bacterial pathogens in poultry. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2004; 38(3):197-205. DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01474.x. View

Mouslim C, Hughes K . The effect of cell growth phase on the regulatory cross-talk between flagellar and Spi1 virulence gene expression. PLoS Pathog. 2014; 10(3):e1003987. PMC: 3946378. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003987. View

Fooks L, Gibson G . In vitro investigations of the effect of probiotics and prebiotics on selected human intestinal pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2009; 39(1):67-75. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00907.x. View

Moller T, Liu G, Boysen A, Thomsen L, Luthje F, Mortensen S . Treatment with Cefotaxime Affects Expression of Conjugation Associated Proteins and Conjugation Transfer Frequency of an IncI1 Plasmid in . Front Microbiol. 2017; 8:2365. PMC: 5712592. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02365. View

Casey P, Gardiner G, Casey G, Bradshaw B, Lawlor P, Lynch P . A five-strain probiotic combination reduces pathogen shedding and alleviates disease signs in pigs challenged with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007; 73(6):1858-63. PMC: 1828830. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01840-06. View

Medellin-Pena M, Griffiths M . Effect of molecules secreted by Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5 on Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008; 75(4):1165-72. PMC: 2643578. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01651-08. View

Neuhaus K, Lamparter M, Zolch B, Landstorfer R, Simon S, Spanier B . Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis Symbioflor down regulates virulence genes of EHEC in vitro and decrease pathogenicity in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Arch Microbiol. 2016; 199(2):203-213. DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1291-8. View

Cho Y, Yoon K . An overview of calf diarrhea - infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. J Vet Sci. 2014; 15(1):1-17. PMC: 3973752. DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.1.1. View

10.

Maldonado N, Chiaraviglio J, Bru E, De Chazal L, Santos V, Nader-Macias M . Effect of Milk Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria on Diarrheal Incidence, Growth Performance and Microbiological and Blood Profiles of Newborn Dairy Calves. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2017; 10(4):668-676. DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9308-4. View

11.

Songer J, Miskimins D . Clostridial abomasitis in calves: case report and review of the literature. Anaerobe. 2006; 11(5):290-4. PMC: 7111123. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.12.004. View

12.

Delcenserie V, LaPointe G, Charaslertrangsi T, Rabalski A, Griffiths M . Glucose decreases virulence gene expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Food Prot. 2012; 75(4):748-52. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-384. View

13.

Wise M, Siragusa G . Quantitative detection of Clostridium perfringens in the broiler fowl gastrointestinal tract by real-time PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005; 71(7):3911-6. PMC: 1169009. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.7.3911-3916.2005. View

14.

Muyyarikkandy M, Amalaradjou M . Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei Attenuate Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Typhimurium Colonization and Virulence Gene Expression In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(11). PMC: 5713350. DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112381. View

15.

Schlegel B, Nowell V, Parreira V, Soltes G, Prescott J . Toxin-associated and other genes in Clostridium perfringens type A isolates from bovine clostridial abomasitis (BCA) and jejunal hemorrhage syndrome (JHS). Can J Vet Res. 2013; 76(4):248-54. PMC: 3460601. View

16.

Lema M, Williams L, Rao D . Reduction of fecal shedding of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in lambs by feeding microbial feed supplement. Small Rumin Res. 2001; 39(1):31-39. DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(00)00168-1. View

17.

Nagy B, Fekete P . Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in farm animals. Vet Res. 1999; 30(2-3):259-84. View

18.

Tellez A, Corredig M, Brovko L, Griffiths M . Characterization of immune-active peptides obtained from milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus. J Dairy Res. 2010; 77(2):129-36. DOI: 10.1017/S002202990999046X. View

19.

Olsen J, Hoegh-Andersen K, Casadesus J, Thomsen L . The importance of motility and chemotaxis for extra-animal survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Dublin. J Appl Microbiol. 2012; 113(3):560-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05363.x. View

20.

Shi H, Huang X, Yan Z, Yang Q, Wang P, Li S . Effect of Clostridium perfringens type C on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in piglet small intestines. Microb Pathog. 2019; 135:103567. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103567. View