Hypoxia As a Modulator of Inflammation and Immune Response in Cancer

Overview

Journal Cancers (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Oncology

Date 2022 May 14

PMID 35565420

Authors

Rosa A Castillo-Rodriguez

Cristina Trejo-Solis

Alfredo Cabrera-Cano

Saul Gomez-Manzo

Victor Manuel Davila-Borja

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

A clear association between hypoxia and cancer has heretofore been established; however, it has not been completely developed. In this sense, the understanding of the tumoral microenvironment is critical to dissect the complexity of cancer, including the reduction in oxygen distribution inside the tumoral mass, defined as tumoral hypoxia. Moreover, hypoxia not only influences the tumoral cells but also the surrounding cells, including those related to the inflammatory processes. In this review, we analyze the participation of HIF, NF-κB, and STAT signaling pathways as the main components that interconnect hypoxia and immune response and how they modulate tumoral growth. In addition, we closely examine the participation of the immune cells and how they are affected by hypoxia, the effects of the progression of cancer, and some innovative applications that take advantage of this knowledge, to suggest potential therapies. Therefore, we contribute to the understanding of the complexity of cancer to propose innovative therapeutic strategies in the future.

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