Separation Performance of -butyl(tetradecyloxy)calix[6]arene As a Stationary Phase for Capillary Gas Chromatography

Overview

Journal RSC Adv

Publisher Royal Society of Chemistry

Specialty Chemistry

Date 2022 May 11

PMID 35540242

Authors

Tao Sun

Xiaomin Shuai

Yujie Chen

Xinyu Zhao

Qianqian Song

Kaixin Ren

Xingxing Jiang

Shaoqiang Hu

Zhiqiang Cai

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This work presents the first example of the utilization of -butyl(tetradecyloxy)calix[6]arene (C6A-C10) as a stationary phase for capillary gas chromatographic (GC) separation. The statically coated C6A-C10 column showed a column efficiency of 3293 plates per m and had a nonpolar nature. Its selectivity and retention behaviour were investigated using a number of mixtures of diverse analytes and their isomers. As a result, the C6A-C10 column exhibited high resolving capability for aliphatic and aromatic analytes from apolar to polar nature, especially for positional, structural and -/-isomers. Moreover, the C6A-C10 column showed thermal stability up to 240 °C. In addition, it was applied for the determination of isomer impurities in real samples, proving its good potential for practical GC analysis.

References

Homden D, Redshaw C . The use of calixarenes in metal-based catalysis. Chem Rev. 2008; 108(12):5086-130. DOI: 10.1021/cr8002196. View

Xiao Y, Xiao X, Feng Y, Wang Z, Da S . High-performance liquid chromatography of sulfonamides and quinolones on p-tert-butyl-calix[6]arene-bonded silica gel stationary phase. Talanta. 2008; 56(6):1141-51. DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(01)00667-1. View

Schulz M, Gehl A, Schlenkrich J, Schulze H, Zimmermann S, Schaate A . A Calixarene-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Highly Selective NO Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2018; 57(39):12961-12965. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805355. View

Yang Y, Qi M, Wang J . Separation performance of a star-shaped truxene-based stationary phase functionalized with peripheral 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene moieties for capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2018; 1578:67-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.058. View

Zeng Z, Xie C, Li H, Han H, Chen Y . Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography using capillary columns chemically bonded with the new host molecules calix[6]crown, calix[6]arene. Electrophoresis. 2002; 23(9):1272-8. DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200205)23:9<1272::AID-ELPS1272>3.0.CO;2-U. View

Poole C, Poole S . Separation characteristics of wall-coated open-tubular columns for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2007; 1184(1-2):254-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.028. View

Boczkaj G, Momotko M, Chruszczyk D, Przyjazny A, Kaminski M . Novel stationary phases based on asphaltenes for gas chromatography. J Sep Sci. 2016; 39(13):2527-36. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600183. View

Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Lan C, Miao Y, Deng Z . Tetra-proline modified calix[4]arene bonded silica gel: A novel stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Talanta. 2018; 193:56-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.083. View

Kim J, Quang D . Calixarene-derived fluorescent probes. Chem Rev. 2007; 107(9):3780-99. DOI: 10.1021/cr068046j. View

10.

Sun T, Chen H, Qiao X, Ma L, Hu S, Liu X . Performance of palm fibers as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatographic separations. RSC Adv. 2022; 8(59):34102-34109. PMC: 9087024. DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05792c. View

11.

Delahousse G, Peulon-Agasse V, Debray J, Vaccaro M, Cravotto G, Jabin I . The incorporation of calix[6]arene and cyclodextrin derivatives into sol-gels for the preparation of stationary phases for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2013; 1318:207-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.007. View

12.

Zanichelli V, Ragazzon G, Orlandini G, Venturi M, Credi A, Silvi S . Efficient active-template synthesis of calix[6]arene-based oriented pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem. 2017; 15(32):6753-6763. DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01642e. View

13.

Roeleveld K, David F, Lynen F . Comparison between polymerized ionic liquids synthesized using chain-growth and step-growth mechanisms used as stationary phase in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2016; 1451:135-144. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.007. View

14.

Huang H, Li D, Wang W, Chen Y, Khan K, Song S . Effect of carboxylic acid on micelles of a neutral amphiphilic dendro-calix[4]arene. Org Biomol Chem. 2011; 10(4):729-35. DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06358h. View

15.

Boczkaj G, Momotko M, Przyjazny A, Kaminski M . Studies of the separation performance of silanized silica gel for simulated distillation. J Sep Sci. 2015; 39(4):748-55. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501127. View

16.

Kim H, Lee M, Mutihac L, Vicens J, Kim J . Host-guest sensing by calixarenes on the surfaces. Chem Soc Rev. 2011; 41(3):1173-90. DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15169j. View

17.

Anderson J, Armstrong D . High-stability ionic liquids. A new class of stationary phases for gas chromatography. Anal Chem. 2003; 75(18):4851-8. DOI: 10.1021/ac0345749. View

18.

Mayer-Helm B, Rauter W . Determination of the minimum allowable operating temperature of stationary phases in capillary columns by inverse gas chromatography. Analyst. 2005; 130(4):502-7. DOI: 10.1039/b416320f. View

19.

Li L, Da S, Feng Y, Liu M . Preparation and characterization of a p-tert-butyl-calix[6]-1,4-benzocrown-4-bonded silica gel stationary phase for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2004; 1040(1):53-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.03.067. View

20.

Shahgaldian P, Sciotti M, Pieles U . Amino-substituted amphiphilic calixarenes: self-assembly and interactions with DNA. Langmuir. 2008; 24(16):8522-6. DOI: 10.1021/la801083h. View