Incidence and Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism in Men and Women

Introduction: Studies have indicated that men have a higher overall risk of VTE than women. In previous studies, we have noted that risk factors for VTE, such as alcohol consumption and physical activity, can differ between sexes. The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence of first-ever VTE and the association of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with VTE risk in men and women separately.

Materials And Methods: Inhabitants of Västerbotten County in northern Sweden, who had participated in a health examination between 1985 and 2014 were included. The mean age at inclusion was 46.3 years (range 26-65 years). All first-ever VTE events experienced by the participants from the health examination to September 5, 2014 were identified and validated.

Results: A total of 1110 men and 944 women had an objectively verified first-ever VTE event. The incidence of VTE was 1.54 (95% CI 1.45-1.63) per 1000 years of follow-up for men and 1.22 (95% CI 1.14-1.30) for women. Higher age, weight and body mass index were associated with increased risk of VTE in both sexes. Men with hypertension had a lower risk of VTE, HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.65-0.87) and men with more than secondary school education had a higher risk of VTE. Taller women had an increased risk of VTE.

Conclusions: In the studied age group, we found that men had a higher incidence of first-ever VTE than women. Notably, we also found that hypertension was associated with lower risk of VTE in men but not in women.