Microglia: The Hub of Intercellular Communication in Ischemic Stroke

Overview

Journal Front Cell Neurosci

Specialty Cell Biology

Date 2022 May 6

PMID 35518646

Authors

Yunsha Zhang

Lu Lian

Rong Fu

Jueling Liu

Xiaoqian Shan

Yang Jin

Shixin Xu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Communication between microglia and other cells has recently been at the forefront of research in central nervous system (CNS) disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the neuroinflammation mediated by microglia, highlight recent studies of crosstalk between microglia and CNS resident and infiltrating cells in the context of ischemic stroke (IS), and discuss how these interactions affect the course of IS. The in-depth exploration of microglia-intercellular communication will be beneficial for therapeutic tools development and clinical translation for stroke control.

Citing Articles

Glutamate/GABA/glutamine ratios in intact and ischemia reperfusion challenged rat brain subregions, the effect of ischemic preconditioning.

Baranovicova E, Kalenska D, Lehotsky J Metab Brain Dis. 2025; 40(2):121.

PMID: 39918622 PMC: 11805880. DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01511-8.

Esketamine at a Clinical Dose Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting AKT Signaling Pathway to Facilitate Microglia M2 Polarization and Autophagy.

Gao Y, Li L, Zhao F, Cheng Y, Jin M, Xue F Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025; 19:369-387.

PMID: 39867864 PMC: 11760763. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S504179.

Microglia heterogeneity during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the mouse retina.

Rao B, Liu X, Xiao J, Wu X, He F, Yang Q Brain Struct Funct. 2024; 230(1):19.

PMID: 39720969 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02875-4.

Hypoxic Human Microglia Promote Angiogenesis Through Extracellular Vesicle Release.

Testa A, Vignozzi L, Corallo D, Aveic S, Viola A, Allegra M Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(23).

PMID: 39684220 PMC: 11641038. DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312508.

Chromatin accessibility: biological functions, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application.

Chen Y, Liang R, Li Y, Jiang L, Ma D, Luo Q Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024; 9(1):340.

PMID: 39627201 PMC: 11615378. DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-02030-9.

References

Benjamin E, Virani S, Callaway C, Chamberlain A, Chang A, Cheng S . Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018; 137(12):e67-e492. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558. View

Shu L, Xu C, Yan Z, Yan Y, Jiang S, Wang Y . Post-Stroke Microglia Induce Sirtuin2 Expression to Suppress the Anti-inflammatory Function of Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells. Inflammation. 2019; 42(6):1968-1979. DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01057-3. View

Goldman S, Osorio J . So many progenitors, so little myelin. Nat Neurosci. 2014; 17(4):483-5. PMC: 4121858. DOI: 10.1038/nn.3685. View

Mracsko E, Liesz A, Stojanovic A, Lou W, Osswald M, Zhou W . Antigen dependently activated cluster of differentiation 8-positive T cells cause perforin-mediated neurotoxicity in experimental stroke. J Neurosci. 2014; 34(50):16784-95. PMC: 6608504. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1867-14.2014. View

Thurgur H, Pinteaux E . Microglia in the Neurovascular Unit: Blood-Brain Barrier-microglia Interactions After Central Nervous System Disorders. Neuroscience. 2019; 405:55-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.046. View

Klebe D, McBride D, Flores J, Zhang J, Tang J . Modulating the Immune Response Towards a Neuroregenerative Peri-injury Milieu After Cerebral Hemorrhage. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2015; 10(4):576-86. PMC: 4636976. DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9613-1. View

Liu C, Yan S, Zhang R, Chen Z, Shi F, Zhou Y . Increased blood-brain barrier permeability in contralateral hemisphere predicts worse outcome in acute ischemic stroke after reperfusion therapy. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018; 10(10):937-941. DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013663. View

Abel A, Yang C, Thakar M, Malarkannan S . Natural Killer Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Utilization. Front Immunol. 2018; 9:1869. PMC: 6099181. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01869. View

Zhang R, Chopp M, Zhang Z . Oligodendrogenesis after cerebral ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci. 2013; 7:201. PMC: 3810592. DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00201. View

10.

Cuartero M, Ballesteros I, Moraga A, Nombela F, Vivancos J, Hamilton J . N2 neutrophils, novel players in brain inflammation after stroke: modulation by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. Stroke. 2013; 44(12):3498-508. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002470. View

11.

Peng H, Harvey B, Richards C, Nixon K . Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Microglia Activation and Function. Biology (Basel). 2021; 10(10). PMC: 8533634. DOI: 10.3390/biology10100948. View

12.

de Jong E, Dijkstra I, Hensens M, Brouwer N, van Amerongen M, Liem R . Vesicle-mediated transport and release of CCL21 in endangered neurons: a possible explanation for microglia activation remote from a primary lesion. J Neurosci. 2005; 25(33):7548-57. PMC: 6725403. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1019-05.2005. View

13.

Gronberg N, Johansen F, Kristiansen U, Hasseldam H . Leukocyte infiltration in experimental stroke. J Neuroinflammation. 2013; 10:115. PMC: 3852747. DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-115. View

14.

Greenhalgh A, Zarruk J, Healy L, Baskar Jesudasan S, Jhelum P, Salmon C . Peripherally derived macrophages modulate microglial function to reduce inflammation after CNS injury. PLoS Biol. 2018; 16(10):e2005264. PMC: 6205650. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005264. View

15.

Chabot S, Charlet D, Wilson T, Yong V . Cytokine production consequent to T cell--microglia interaction: the PMA/IFN gamma-treated U937 cells display similarities to human microglia. J Neurosci Methods. 2001; 105(2):111-20. DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00346-0. View

16.

Han D, Liu H, Gao Y . The role of peripheral monocytes and macrophages in ischemic stroke. Neurol Sci. 2020; 41(12):3589-3607. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04777-9. View

17.

Chew L, King W, Kennedy A, Gallo V . Interferon-gamma inhibits cell cycle exit in differentiating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Glia. 2005; 52(2):127-43. DOI: 10.1002/glia.20232. View

18.

Hedrick S . T cell development: bottoms-up. Immunity. 2002; 16(5):619-22. DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00316-3. View

19.

Ma Y, Li Y, Jiang L, Wang L, Jiang Z, Wang Y . Macrophage depletion reduced brain injury following middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2016; 13:38. PMC: 4752808. DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0504-z. View

20.

Shigemoto-Mogami Y, Hoshikawa K, Sato K . Activated Microglia Disrupt the Blood-Brain Barrier and Induce Chemokines and Cytokines in a Rat Model. Front Cell Neurosci. 2019; 12:494. PMC: 6300509. DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00494. View