New Insights and Advances on Pyomelanin Production: from Microbial Synthesis to Applications

Overview

Journal J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Biotechnology

Date 2022 Apr 28

PMID 35482661

Authors

Faustine Lorquin

Philippe Piccerelle

Caroline Orneto

Maxime Robin

Jean Lorquin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Pyomelanin is a brown-black phenolic polymer and results from the oxidation of homogentisic acid (HGA) in the L-tyrosine pathway. As part of the research for natural and active ingredients issued from realistic bioprocesses, this work re-evaluates the HGA pigment and makes an updated inventory of its syntheses, microbial pathways, and properties, with tracks and recent advances for its large-scale production. The mechanism of the HGA polymerization is also well documented. In alkaptonuria, pyomelanin formation leads to connective tissue damage and arthritis, most probably due to the ROS issued from HGA oxidation. While UV radiation on human melanin may generate degradation products, pyomelanin is not photodegradable, is hyperthermostable, and has other properties better than L-Dopa melanin. This review aims to raise awareness about the potential of this pigment for various applications, not only for skin coloring and protection but also for other cells, materials, and as a promising (semi)conductor for bioelectronics and energy.

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