Enhanced Immune Responses in Mice Induced by the C-di-GMP Adjuvanted Inactivated Vaccine for Pseudorabies Virus

Overview

Journal Front Immunol

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2022 Apr 18

PMID 35432301

Authors

Liting Hou

Xiaoming Yu

Yuanyuan Zhang

Luping Du

Yuanpeng Zhang

Haiwei Cheng

Qisheng Zheng

Jin Chen

Jibo Hou

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial second messenger with immunomodulatory activities in mice, suggesting potential applications as a vaccine immunopotentiator or therapeutic agent. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of c-di-GMP as an immunopotentiator for pseudorabies virus (PRV) inactivated vaccine in a murine model. We found that c-di-GMP improved the humoral and cellular immune responses induced by PRV inactivated vaccine and its effects on immunity reached the level comparable to that of a live attenuated vaccine. Furthermore, c-di-GMP enhanced the murine antibody response against the viral glycoprotein gB up to 120 days after immunization. The c-di-GMP-adjuvanted PRV inactivated vaccine induced long-term humoral immunity by promoting a potent T follicular helper cell response, which is known to directly control the magnitude of the germinal center B cell response. Furthermore, the c-di-GMP enhanced the response of bone marrow plasma cells and upregulated the expression of and , which have been identified as anti-apoptotic regulatory genes of germinal center and memory B cells. Our findings open a new avenue for improving the immune efficacy of PRV inactivated vaccines.

Citing Articles

Advances in molecular epidemiology and detection methods of pseudorabies virus.

Zhuang L, Gong J, Shen J, Zhao Y, Yang J, Liu Q Discov Nano. 2025; 20(1):45.

PMID: 39992589 PMC: 11850701. DOI: 10.1186/s11671-025-04217-7.

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