Effects of Zoledronic Acid Therapy in Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone: a Single-center Experience

Objective: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare bone disorder that can involve any part of the skeleton, leading to bone pain, deformities, and fractures. Treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates has been used with variable results. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of zoledronic acid (ZA) therapy in patients with monostotic or polyostotic FD.

Methods: The medical records of thirteen patients with FD evaluated between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. In the subgroup of patients treated with ZA (n = 7), data on pain relief, changes in bone turnover markers (BTMs), and adverse events following ZA infusions were retrieved. Moreover, radiological changes in response to treatment were recorded in patients who underwent radiological follow-up.

Results: Of the patients, 5 (38%) presented with monostotic whereas 8 (62%) had polyostotic FD. Bone pain was a common finding (69%), and most patients (62%) exhibited elevated baseline BTMs. Partial or complete pain relief was reported in 6 of 7 patients treated with ZA. BTMs, especially C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), significantly decreased after therapy (change rate: -61.8% [IQR -71, -60%]), and median CTX levels were significantly lower than at baseline (0.296 ng/mL [0.216, 0.298] 0.742 ng/mL [0.549, 0.907], respectively; = 0.04). No radiological improvement was observed in cases with radiological follow-up (n = 3). No serious adverse effects of ZA were reported.

Conclusion: ZA treatment was well tolerated and provided beneficial effects in relieving bone pain and reducing BTMs, especially CTX. Our data reinforce the role of ZA in the treatment of FD-related bone pain.