A Novel Wavelet Decomposition and Transformation Convolutional Neural Network with Data Augmentation for Breast Cancer Detection Using Digital Mammogram

Research in deep learning (DL) has continued to provide significant solutions to the challenges of detecting breast cancer in digital images. Image preprocessing methods and architecture enhancement techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of DL models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs). For instance, the wavelet decomposition function has been used for image feature extraction in CNNs due to its strong compactness. Additionally, CNN architectures have been optimized to improve the process of feature detection to support the classification process. However, these approaches still lack completeness, as no mechanism exists to discriminate features to be enhanced and features to be eliminated for feature enhancement. More so, no studies have approached the use of wavelet transform to restructure CNN architectures to improve the detection of discriminant features in digital mammography for increased classification accuracy. Therefore, this study addresses these problems through wavelet-CNN-wavelet architecture. The approach presented in this paper combines seam carving and wavelet decomposition algorithms for image preprocessing to find discriminative features. These features are passed as input to a CNN-wavelet structure that uses the new wavelet transformation function proposed in this paper. The CNN-wavelet architecture applied layers of wavelet transform and reduced feature maps to obtain features suggestive of abnormalities that support the classification process. Meanwhile, we synthesized image samples with architectural distortion using a generative adversarial network (GAN) model to argue for their training datasets' insufficiency. Experimentation of the proposed method was carried out using DDSM + CBIS and MIAS datasets. The results obtained showed that the new method improved the classification accuracy and lowered the loss function values. The study's findings demonstrate the usefulness of the wavelet transform function in restructuring CNN architectures for performance enhancement in detecting abnormalities leading to breast cancer in digital mammography.