Recent Advances in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy in Humans: A Systematic Review

Overview

Journal Immune Netw

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2022 Mar 16

PMID 35291653

Authors

Sang Pyo Lee

Yoo Seob Shin

Sung-Yoon Kang

Tae-Bum Kim

Sang Min Lee

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is presumed to modulate the natural course of allergic disease by inducing immune tolerance. However, conventional AITs, such as subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy, require long treatment durations and often provoke local or systemic hypersensitivity reactions. Therefore, only <5% of allergy patients receive AIT as second-line therapy. Novel administration routes, such as intralymphatic, intradermal and epicutaneous immunotherapies, and synthetic recombinant allergen preparations have been evaluated to overcome these limitations. We will review the updated views of diverse AIT methods, and discuss the limitations and opportunities of the AITs for the treatment of allergic diseases in humans.

Citing Articles

Effects of Panax species and their bioactive components on allergic airway diseases.

Shim D, Bak Y, Choi H, Lee S, Park S J Ginseng Res. 2024; 48(4):354-365.

PMID: 39036733 PMC: 11258390. DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.04.003.

Assessing global fungal threats to humans.

Xu J mLife. 2024; 1(3):223-240.

PMID: 38818220 PMC: 10989982. DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12036.

Clinical outcomes of AIT in the elderly population.

Bozek A Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023; 23(4):341-345.

PMID: 37357782 PMC: 10749673. DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000925.

Biomaterial Strategies for Selective Immune Tolerance: Advances and Gaps.

Carey S, Bridgeman C, Jewell C Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023; 10(8):e2205105.

PMID: 36638260 PMC: 10015875. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205105.

Golden Age of Immunotherapy: Challenges and Opportunities.

Chung Y, Lee S, Kim W Immune Netw. 2022; 22(1):e1.

PMID: 35291654 PMC: 8901703. DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e1.

References

Agostinis F, Forti S, Di Berardino F . Grass transcutaneous immunotherapy in children with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. Allergy. 2009; 65(3):410-1. DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02189.x. View

Lee S, Jung J, Lee S, Joe E, Kang I, Kim S . Intralymphatic Immunotherapy Alleviates Allergic Symptoms During Allergen Exposure in Daily Life. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2018; 10(2):180-181. PMC: 5809767. DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.2.180. View

Kim S, Park S, Lee S, Lee S . Allergen-specific intralymphatic immunotherapy in human and animal studies. Asia Pac Allergy. 2017; 7(3):131-137. PMC: 5537077. DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2017.7.3.131. View

Wang K, Zheng R, Chen Y, Yu Q, Zhong H, Xiao P . Clinical efficacy and safety of cervical intralymphatic immunotherapy for house dust mite allergic rhinitis: A pilot study. Am J Otolaryngol. 2019; 40(6):102280. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.102280. View

Pfaar O, Robinson D, Sager A, Emuzyte R . Immunotherapy with depigmented-polymerized mixed tree pollen extract: a clinical trial and responder analysis. Allergy. 2010; 65(12):1614-21. DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02413.x. View

Senti G, Prinz Vavricka B, Erdmann I, Diaz M, Markus R, McCormack S . Intralymphatic allergen administration renders specific immunotherapy faster and safer: a randomized controlled trial. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105(46):17908-12. PMC: 2582048. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803725105. View

Werner M, Bosso J . Intralymphatic immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2021; 42(4):283-292. DOI: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.210028. View

Kim J, Oh J, Kang C, Choi Y . Virus-like Particle (VLP) Mediated Antigen Delivery as a Sensitization Tool of Experimental Allergy Mouse Models. Immune Netw. 2020; 20(4):e35. PMC: 7458801. DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e35. View

Pechsrichuang P, Namwongnao S, Jacquet A . Bioengineering of Virus-like Particles for the Prevention or Treatment of Allergic Diseases. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2020; 13(1):23-41. PMC: 7680827. DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.1.23. View

10.

Lee S, Choi S, Joe E, Lee S, Lee M, Shim J . A Pilot Study of Intralymphatic Immunotherapy for House Dust Mite, Cat, and Dog Allergies. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2017; 9(3):272-277. PMC: 5352579. DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.3.272. View

11.

Jones S, Agbotounou W, Fleischer D, Burks A, Pesek R, Harris M . Safety of epicutaneous immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy: A phase 1 study using the Viaskin patch. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137(4):1258-1261.e10. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.008. View

12.

Weinfeld D, Westin U, Hellkvist L, Mellqvist U, Jacobsson I, Cardell L . A preseason booster prolongs the increase of allergen specific IgG4 levels, after basic allergen intralymphatic immunotherapy, against grass pollen seasonal allergy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2020; 16:31. PMC: 7189556. DOI: 10.1186/s13223-020-00427-z. View

13.

Fleischer D, Greenhawt M, Sussman G, Begin P, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Petroni D . Effect of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy vs Placebo on Reaction to Peanut Protein Ingestion Among Children With Peanut Allergy: The PEPITES Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019; 321(10):946-955. PMC: 6439674. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.1113. View

14.

Canonica G, Passalacqua G . Noninjection routes for immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 111(3):437-48; quiz 449. DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.129. View

15.

Spergel J, Elci O, Muir A, Liacouras C, Wilkins B, Burke D . Efficacy of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy in Children With Milk-Induced Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 18(2):328-336.e7. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.05.014. View

16.

Spertini F, DellaCorte G, Kettner A, de Blay F, Jacobsen L, Jutel M . Efficacy of 2 months of allergen-specific immunotherapy with Bet v 1-derived contiguous overlapping peptides in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: Results of a phase IIb study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 138(1):162-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.044. View

17.

Klimek L, Bachert C, Lukat K, Pfaar O, Meyer H, Narkus A . Allergy immunotherapy with a hypoallergenic recombinant birch pollen allergen rBet v 1-FV in a randomized controlled trial. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015; 5:28. PMC: 4553934. DOI: 10.1186/s13601-015-0071-x. View

18.

Broide D, Schwarze J, Tighe H, Gifford T, Nguyen M, Malek S . Immunostimulatory DNA sequences inhibit IL-5, eosinophilic inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. J Immunol. 1998; 161(12):7054-62. View

19.

Sola Martinez F, Barranco Jimenez R, Martin Garcia C, Senent Sanchez C, Blanco Guerra C, Fernandez-Rivas M . Intradermal Phleum pratense allergoid immunotherapy. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy. 2020; 50(12):1352-1361. PMC: 7756767. DOI: 10.1111/cea.13740. View

20.

Senti G, Crameri R, Kuster D, Johansen P, Martinez-Gomez J, Graf N . Intralymphatic immunotherapy for cat allergy induces tolerance after only 3 injections. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129(5):1290-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.026. View