The Plastome Sequences of (ABD) and Subsp. (AB) Exhibit Evolutionary Changes, Structural Characterization, Comparative Analysis, Phylogenomics and Time Divergence

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2022 Mar 10

PMID 35269924

Authors

Lubna

Sajjad Asaf

Rahmatullah Jan

Abdul Latif Khan

Waqar Ahmad

Saleem Asif

Ahmed Al-Harrasi

Kyung-Min Kim

In-Jung Lee

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The mechanism and course of plastome evolution is currently unknown; thus, it remains unclear how plastomes evolved during recent polyploidization. Here, we report the complete plastomes of two polyploid wheat species, (AABBDD) and subsp. (AABB), and compare them with 19 available and complete plastomes to create the first map of genomic structural variation. Both and subsp. plastomes were found to have a quadripartite structure, with plastome lengths of 134,531 bp and 134,015 bp, respectively. Furthermore, diploid (AA), tetraploid (AB, AG) and hexaploid (ABD, AGA) species plastomes displayed a conserved gene content and commonly harbored an identical set of annotated unique genes. Overall, there was a positive correlation between the number of repeats and plastome size. In all plastomes, the number of tandem repeats was higher than the number of palindromic and forward repeats. We constructed a phylogeny based on the complete plastomes and 42 shared genes from 71 plastomes. We estimated the divergence of from wheat around 11.04-11.9 million years ago (mya) using a well-resolved plastome tree. Similarly, Sitopsis species diverged 2.8-2.9 mya before (AA) and (AA). was shown to be the maternal donor of polyploid wheat genomes and diverged ~0.2-0.9 mya. The phylogeny and divergence time estimates presented here can act as a reference framework for future studies of evolution.

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