Relationship Between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases Among a Sample of Yemeni Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Overview

Journal Int J Dent

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2022 Mar 10

PMID 35265136

Authors

Milad Al-Kalisi

Manal Al-Hajri

Sarah Al-Rai

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) are defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory disease of the gingiva, bone, and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb), and PDs in a sample of Yemeni population. A cross-sectional study was conducted at dental teaching clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University. Of 1920 patients who attended clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameter measurements. BMI and Alb were measured. Participants of both genders were involved, with a slight increase in males ( = 134, 58.5%), and most of the study sample was in the age group of 18-35 years ( = 209, 91.3%). Regarding habits, only 18.2% ( = 43) of patients were smokers and about half of the participants ( = 136, 59.4%) were khat chewers. Most cases had mild undernutrition according to BMI ( = 139, 60.7%) and normal Alb level ( = 213, 93%). Regarding the periodontal diagnosis, most of the participants were diagnosed with gingivitis ( = 186, 81.2%). BMI and albumin level were nonsignificantly associated with PDs. PDs were statistically significant with the participant's age, gender, level of education, and smoking ( > 0.05). However, BMI, khat chewing, and albumin level were nonsignificant factors of periodontal diseases among Yemeni participants ( > 0.05). In both genders, variables such as age of the patients, smoking, khat chewing, and PDs were nonsignificantly associated with BMI. This study showed that the majority of the participants had been diagnosed with gingivitis, but there was not an association between PDs and undernutrition. This paper is presented on research square URL // https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-429796/v1 with DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-429796/v1.

References

Rodrigues V, Liberio S, Lopes F, Thomaz E, Guerra R, Gomes-Filho I . Periodontal status and serum biomarkers levels in haemodialysis patients. J Clin Periodontol. 2014; 41(9):862-8. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12283. View

Meng H . [Association between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2007; 39(1):18-20. View

Berezow A, Darveau R . Microbial shift and periodontitis. Periodontol 2000. 2010; 55(1):36-47. PMC: 3058494. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00350.x. View

Chang Y, Lii C, Tai K, Chou M . Adverse effects of arecoline and nicotine on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro. J Clin Periodontol. 2001; 28(3):277-82. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028003277.x. View

Hussain Bokhari S, Suhail A, Malik A, Imran M . Periodontal disease status and associated risk factors in patients attending a Dental Teaching Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2016; 19(6):678-82. PMC: 4753714. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.156882. View

Al Habashneh R, Alchalabi H, Khader Y, Hazzaa A, Odat Z, Johnson G . Association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in jordan. J Periodontol. 2010; 81(11):1613-21. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100190. View

Tucci S . Phytochemicals in the Control of Human Appetite and Body Weight. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2016; 3(3):748-763. PMC: 4033978. DOI: 10.3390/ph3030748. View

Kuzuya M, Izawa S, Enoki H, Okada K, Iguchi A . Is serum albumin a good marker for malnutrition in the physically impaired elderly?. Clin Nutr. 2006; 26(1):84-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.07.009. View

Isola G, Giudice A, Polizzi A, Alibrandi A, Murabito P, Indelicato F . Identification of the different salivary Interleukin-6 profiles in patients with periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. Arch Oral Biol. 2020; 122:104997. DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104997. View

10.

Fiorini T, Musskopf M, Oppermann R, Susin C . Is there a positive effect of smoking cessation on periodontal health? A systematic review. J Periodontol. 2013; 85(1):83-91. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130047. View

11.

Leite F, Nascimento G, Scheutz F, Lopez R . Effect of Smoking on Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression. Am J Prev Med. 2018; 54(6):831-841. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.014. View

12.

Campus G, Salem A, Uzzau S, Baldoni E, Tonolo G . Diabetes and periodontal disease: a case-control study. J Periodontol. 2005; 76(3):418-25. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.3.418. View

13.

Vouros I, Kalpidis C, Chadjipantelis T, Konstantinidis A . Cigarette smoking associated with advanced periodontal destruction in a Greek sample population of patients with periodontal disease. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2009; 11(4):250-7. View

14.

Aaby P . Is susceptibility to severe infection in low-income countries inherited or acquired?. J Intern Med. 2007; 261(2):112-22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01742.x. View

15.

Nakajima M, alAbsi M, Dokam A, Alsoofi M, Khalil N, Al Habori M . Gender differences in patterns and correlates of khat and tobacco use. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012; 15(6):1130-5. PMC: 3646654. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts257. View

16.

Grimble R . Dietary manipulation of the inflammatory response. Proc Nutr Soc. 1992; 51(2):285-94. DOI: 10.1079/pns19920039. View

17.

Gilbert G . Racial and socioeconomic disparities in health from population-based research to practice-based research: the example of oral health. J Dent Educ. 2005; 69(9):1003-14. View

18.

Ayano G, Yohannis K, Abraha M . Epidemiology of khat (Catha edulis) consumption among university students: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19(1):150. PMC: 6360776. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6495-9. View

19.

FERRO-LUZZI A, Sette S, Franklin M, James W . A simplified approach of assessing adult chronic energy deficiency. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1992; 46(3):173-86. View

20.

Hassan N, Gunaid A, El-Khally F, Murray-Lyon I . The effect of chewing Khat leaves on human mood. Saudi Med J. 2002; 23(7):850-3. View